入藏游客饮食体验的极化与迁转现象  

The Polarization and Transferring Tendency with the Food Experience among Tourists in Tibet

作　　者：李梦瑶 于佳 谢彦君[1,2] LI Mengyao;YU jia;XIE Yanjun(School of Tourism,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Tourist Experience Research&Design Center,Hainan University,Haikon 570228,China;School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;School of Tourism and Hotel Management,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian 116025,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学旅游学院,海南海口570228 [2]海南大学旅游体验研究与设计中心,海南海口570228 [3]中山大学旅游学院,广东珠海519082 [4]东北财经大学旅游与酒店管理学院,辽宁大连116025

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2023年第8期45-61,共17页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“旅游场中的仪式:地方性视角下的西藏民族文化旅游体验研究”(41771165)、“海南自由贸易港国际旅游消费中心建设路径”(72041027);海南大学人文社科科研创新团队资助项目(HDSKTD202016)共同资助~~。

摘　　要：差异与认同,往往是旅游体验的两个典型的目标。这一目标在游客的饮食体验行为方面是否也同样存在,以及在特殊的饮食文化情境中是否具有独特表现,构成了文章的主要研究课题。文章以西藏传统文化饮食作为分析单位,采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,探讨入藏游客的传统饮食文化体验,目的在于构建入藏游客饮食体验独特规律的理论框架和模型。研究表明,作为地方文化表征的饮食文化所形成的景观,能够兼具满足旅游者两种体验诉求的功能。在不同的旅游情境中,饮食文化景观的自身特征会影响旅游体验在两种诉求中呈现出不同的强度和范型。从游客对西藏饮食文化的具身体验来看,生理和心理维度是理解这种体验的两条基本线索,游客的饮食文化体验既出于显著的逐奇或寻求差异的心理诉求,同时也会由于生理限制,进而在心理上产生某种惧奇的反应,并转而产生寻求认同体验的心理动力。这种饮食诉求的极化现象是旅游世界中的一种典型现象,且在西藏的旅游实践中表现得尤为突出。研究还发现,随着游客在外逗留时间的延伸,这种极化现象会出现缓和甚至方向上的逆转,最终导致对认同性饮食文化的诉求心理不断滋长。研究结论不仅进一步佐证了Graburn的神圣游程理论的基本观点,同时也呼应了其他学者有关旅游世界与惯常环境的二元划分。In the tourist experience,difference and identification are often the two most pursued goals.Those goals are the main theme of the present study,which examined tourists'dietary behavior.Research has shown that for tourists,food reflects local culture and relates to difference and identification.However,depending on the tourism situation,characteristics of the food culture affect the tourist experience in varying ways.With regard to tourists'embodied experience of Tibetan food culture,physical and psychological dimensions are the two basic approaches for identifying that experience.Tourists'food culture experience is based on the clear psychological appeal of engaging with novelty and observing differences.However,it also involves physical limitations:It can elicit a fearful psychological response,which in turn creates the motivation to seek the experience of identity.This dichotomy regarding dietary behavior is a typical tourist phenomenon,and it is particularly evident in Tibetan tourism.The most prominent reason for the existence of such polarization is that as a world-class tourism destination,Tibet presents unique cultural imagery,which possesses extraordinary charm.As such,the essential composition of that imagery constitutes the visual and psychological orientation created by Tibetan food in the minds of tourists in that region.Accordingly,Tibetan food comprises part of the visual landscape of tourists who visit Tibet.Conversely,however,the tendency for that food experience to undergo surprisingly rapid transference is rooted in the existence of physical obstacles.In Tibet,tourists'food and other cultural experiences are simultaneously affected at both the physical and psychological levels.On one hand,as a result of the interaction between the desire to seek out novelty and explore new landscapes,tourists in Tibet often take the initiative in experiencing the local food culture,which is very different from what they encounter in their daily lives.As a consequence,their eating experience in that region is ac

关 键 词：旅游体验 西藏旅游 具身障碍 饮食体验 藏餐 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]