中国工业结构变迁与行业工资差距  

The Change of China’s Industrial Structure and the Industrial Wage Gap

作　　者：巩师恩[1] 赵嘉欣 GONG Shien;ZHAO Jiaxin(School of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《经济论坛》2023年第8期47-62,共16页Economic Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国居民劳动收入和财产性收入渠道研究”(18BJL118),江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：近年来,中国经历了持续的工业结构变迁,表征为劳动生产率高的资本密集型行业产值占比提高的工业结构高级化和各行业投入结构与产出结构匹配的工业结构合理化。在此过程中,创新引致的技术进步与投入要素耦合引起行业生产效率差异,驱动要素跨行业配置,工业结构高级化扩大行业工资差距,工业结构合理化缩小行业工资差距。运用中国工业细分行业数据进行的实证检验支持了上述理论判断。测算发现,中国工业行业技术进步整体呈现资本偏向性,在产品替代弹性大于1的情况下,资本偏向型技术进步会增强工业结构高级化对行业工资差距的扩大效应、增强工业结构合理化对行业工资差距的缩小效应。基于分位数方法的进一步研究发现,工业结构高级化扩大行业工资差距大体上呈现“倒U型”变化趋势,工业结构合理化缩小行业工资差距大体上呈现“U型”的变化趋势。这一研究为促进中国产业结构优化升级和缩小行业收入差距,实现经济高质量发展和共同富裕提供了政策启示。In recent years,China has experienced continuous changes in industrial structure,characterized by the upgrading of industrial structure in which the output value proportion of capital-intensive industries with high la⁃bor productivity increases and the rationalization of industrial structure in which the input structure of each industry matches its output structure.In this process,the coupling of technological progress and input factors caused by inno⁃vation leads to differences in industrial production efficiency,drives the trans-industrial allocation of factors,and the upgrading of industrial structure widens the industrial wage gap while the rationalization of industrial structure narrows the industrial wage gap.The empirical test using the data of China’s sub-divided industries supports the above theoretical judgment.It is found that the overall technological progress of China’s industrial industry has been capital-biased.When the product substitution elasticity is greater than 1,it is found that the capital-biased technological progress will enhance the expansion effect of the upgrading of industrial structure on the industrial wage gap and the narrowing effect of the rationalization of industrial structure on the industrial wage gap.Based on a further study of the quantile method,it is found that the expansion of the industrial wage gap caused by the upgrad⁃ing of industrial structure generally presents an“inverted U-shaped”trend,and the narrowing of the industrial wage gap caused by the rationalization of industrial structure generally presents a“U-shaped”trend.This study provides policy enlightenment for promoting the optimization and upgrading of China’s industrial structure and narrowing the industrial income gap,and realizing high-quality economic development and common prosperity.

关 键 词：工业结构高级化 工业结构合理化 行业工资差距 偏向型技术进步 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]