身体与国政:黄老学说影响下的战国秦汉政治  

Body and State:Politics Influenced by Huang-Lao Thought in the Qin-Han Period

作　　者：曲柄睿[1] Qu Bingrui

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《文史哲》2023年第3期16-30,165,共16页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：战国时期,黄老学说将养生与治国并重,强调治国始于治身。齐威王、齐宣王和齐湣王均喜隐喻,且重视形貌之美与此不无关联。明显体现黄老色彩的《吕氏春秋》,为秦国统一天下设计的政治蓝图,同样将养生与治国相关联。《吕氏春秋》提倡虚君政治,初步弥合了养生与治国之间的缝隙。秦始皇误读《吕氏春秋》之意,他的求仙活动背离了养生的初衷,反而将黄老学说庸俗化。汉初刘邦集团信奉黄老,特别是陆贾《新语》在君主养生和国家大治之间补充了民众仰慕的环节,最终完成养生与治国相关联的论证。黄老是战国秦汉政治摆动所围绕的轴线,也影响了后代的政治文化。During the Warring States period,the school of Huang-Lao put equal importance on the nurturing of life and the governance of the state,and emphasized that the former was the basis of the latter.Influenced by the teaching of Emperor Huangdi and Laozi,the kings Wei,Xuan,and Min of Qi all enjoyed metaphors and paid much attention to the beauty of the body.Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals,the epitome of Huang-Lao thought and the blueprint for the union of the states led by Qin,also relates the nurturing of life with the governance of the state.Lv's Annals articulates the connection between body and politics by advocating the kind of politics which relies on the work of ministers and therefore dispels the interference of the will of the monarch.However,the First Emperor of Qin misunderstood the meaning of Lv's Annals.He traveled around and prayed longevity from gods,and therefore vulgarized Huang-Lao thought.At the beginning of the Han dynasty,monarchs and ministers believed in Huang-Lao thought.In Xinyu,Lu Gu added the public admiration between the nurturing of life by the monarch and the governance of the country,which completed the discussion of the relationship between body and politics.Huang-Lao thought not only functioned as the foundation of the politics of the Qin and Han dynasties but also influenced the history of later dynasties.

关 键 词：养生 治国 黄老 《吕氏春秋》 《新语》 政治文化 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K231[政治法律—中外政治制度] K232[历史地理—历史学]