道德是可以推扩的吗?——孟子“推恩”思想的阐释与启示  

Whether Morality Can Be Extended:The Interpretation and Enlightenment of Mencius'Thought on“Extending the Kindness”

作　　者：王开元 Wang Kaiyuan

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《文史哲》2023年第3期129-135,167,168,共9页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目“先秦儒家道德主体建构研究”(HB20ZX007)的阶段性成果;河北大学燕赵文化高等研究院学科建设经费资助。

摘　　要：推恩是孟子性善论的重要维度,也是其仁政思想的组成部分,而孟子推恩思想在今天成为一个被普遍关注的课题,不仅是源于其当下意义,更主要是由其自身理论的重要性引起的。推恩涉及道德是否可以推扩这一问题,关于此问题的三种阐释路径各有自身的特色与限度。推理说揭示出孟子的论辩逻辑,但缺少对推本身的关注;推移说关注内心情感的对象转化与内外转变,但难以在转化中找到合理路径;推扩说的形上之思虽有其圆融性,但也不免有叠床架屋之嫌而与孟子本意相违背。道德的推扩问题不在于为道德行为寻求何种动机,而在于推的工夫本身所创生的意义。推恩于他人或对公德的遵从,并不主要从主体动机中寻求意义,而是从行为本身所开显的世界中获得生命的价值。“Extending the kindness”is an important dimension of Mencius'theory of human nature,as well as a part of his political thought.Mencius'thought of“extending the kindness”has become a subject of widespread concern,not only because of its current significance,but also mainly due to the importance of its own theory.“Extending the kindness”involves the question of whether morality can be extended.The three interpretation paths on this issue each have their own characteristics and limits.The inference theory reveals Mencius's argumentation logic,but lacks the attention to“extending the kindness”itself.The transition theory focuses on the transformation of inner emotions and the internal and external changes,but it is difficult to find a reasonable path in the transformation.The metaphysical thinking of the extension theory has its roundness,but inevitably,it is against the original intention of Mencius because of the superfluous.The problem of moral extension does not lie in seeking motivation for moral behavior,but in the meaning created by the effort itself.To“extend the kindness”or to obey public morals does not mainly seek meaning from motivation,but obtains the value of life from the world revealed by the behavior itself.

关 键 词：推恩 孟子 性善论 仁政思想 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]