墨家的思想文化贡献及其所存在的问题  

The Contribution of Mohism on Ideology and Culture and Its Problems

作　　者：丁为祥 Ding Weixiang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学与政府管理学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《文史哲》2023年第4期46-56,166,共12页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：贵州省2018年度哲学社科规划国学单列课题“儒道互补及其价值观的相互支撑”(18GZGX03)的前期成果。

摘　　要：在中国思想史中,墨家是一个最奇特的思想流派。一方面,它对国人思想影响之深,几乎每一个中国人的心灵深处都存在着一种对墨家的强烈期待,但作为一个思想学派,墨家却在秦统一后彻底“中绝”了;另一方面,就献身精神与拯救热情而言,墨家最为高尚,也最富于献身精神,但却又被古代主流思想家批评为“无父”“反天下之心”。就对中国思想文化之贡献而言,中国人从平等追求、兼爱情怀一直到所谓“明是非”“审治乱”的逻辑,实际上都出自墨家;但中国古代社会之周期性震荡,民众之唯利是图、麻木不仁乃至于以邻为壑,似乎也都与墨家的作用后果存在着分不开的联系。因此,对于墨家,人们在表示敬仰、钦佩的同时,又不能不报以沉重而又苦涩的反思。In the history of Chinese thoughts,Mohism is the most unique school.On the one hand,almost every Chinese holds strong expectation toward Mohism deep in heart,yet it thoroughly broke off as an ideological school after the unification of the Qin dynasty.On the other hand,Mohism is the school with highest nobility and dedication,while it also contains strong autocratic thought,then was criticized as being fatherless and holding intention against the whole world.On the contribution to Chinese ideology and culture,the pursuit of equality,the feelings of universal love,as well as the logic about distinguishing right from wrong,or examining peace and chaos among Chinese people,all originated from Mohism;however,it seems that the periodic upheaval of Chinese society,the venality and apathy among people and even benefiting oneself at others'expense,are inseparable from the effect of Mohism.So besides showing admiration for Mohism,we have to make heavy and bitter reflection.

关 键 词：墨家 思想文化 客观基础 主体根源 反思 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]