“怎样/怎么样”式附加问句的浮现历程、机制与动因  

Process,Mechanism and Motivation of the Emergence of the Zenyang/Zenmeyang(怎样/怎么样)Tag Questions

作　　者：闫亚平 YAN Ya-ping(School of Foreign Studies,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou Henan 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学外国语学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《语言研究》2023年第3期63-69,共7页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“动态发展视域下汉语修辞和语法的互动与互塑研究”(2023-JCZD-05);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划资助项目“汉语反问句孕育的句法演变及其机制研究”(2020GGJS096)。

摘　　要：充当后附表征询成分并得以形成“怎样/怎么样”式附加问句的“怎样/怎么样”,是由其询问状况用法主观化浮现而来的,过程为:询问状况→询问意见→询问评价与态度→征询应允,句内→句外。在整个浮现过程中,有两个关键的转折点,一是“怎样/怎么样”前面主语部分的扩展与复杂化,为由焦点疑问重新分析为命题疑问提供了可能;二是“怎样/怎么样”前面小句部分发话人主观“自我”意向性和施为性的增强,使配搭成分突破常规,“怎样/怎么样”也随之发生主观化演变,进而使“怎样/怎么样”式附加问句得以浮现与生成。同时,“怎样/怎么样”式附加问句的浮现,与其自身有着独特的交际效用和其出现的面对面对话语体也有着密不可分的联系。The Zenyang/Zenmeyang(怎样/怎么样)that acts as an additional element representing query and forms the Zenyang/Zenmeyang(怎样/怎么样)tag questions is derived from the subjectification of its inquiry status usage,that is,from inquiry status→inquiry opinion→inquiry evaluation and attitude→ask for permission.Throughout the evolution process,there are two key turning points.One is the expansion and complication of the subject part before Zenyang/Zenmeyang(怎样/怎么样),which provide the possibility for the reanalysis from focus questions to propositional questions;the other is that the enhancement of the intentionality and perform activity of the speaker subjective"self"of the preceding clauses before Zenyang/Zenmeyang(怎样/怎么样)makes the collocation elements break out of routine.Then the Zenyang/Zenmeyang(怎样/怎么样)subjective evolution follows so that the Zenyang/Zenmeyang(怎样/怎么样)tag questions get emerged and generated.At the same time,The emergence of Zenyang/Zenmeyang(怎样/怎么样)tag questions has its own unique communicative effect and is closely related to the face-to-face discourse types.

关 键 词：怎样/怎么样 附加问句 浮现 重新分析 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]