石榴花瓣和雄蕊对其传粉过程与繁殖成功的影响  

Exploring the influence of petal and stamen color on pollinator and reproductive success in Punica granatum

作　　者：热依拉穆·麦麦提吐尔逊 艾沙江·阿不都沙拉木 Reyilamu Maimaitituerxun;Aysajan Abdusalam(College of Life and Geographic Sciences,Kashi University,Kashi,Xinjiang 844000;Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang,Kashi,Xinjiang 844000)

机构地区：[1]喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆喀什844000 [2]新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第7期54-61,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860121);“天山雪松计划”青年拔尖人才后备人选项目。

摘　　要：植物-传粉者相互关系中植物形成多种多样的视觉(花色)和嗅觉(花气味)信号来影响传粉者的访花过程,促进传粉成功。石榴(Punicagranatum)花瓣红色而雄蕊黄色,这种花内不同结构的颜色差异对于石榴吸引传粉者可能有不同的作用。本文比较了石榴花各部位发出的视觉信号(颜色、大小)和嗅觉信号(气味及含量)、花蜜体积、不同处理下的昆虫访花频率及坐果率,以探讨石榴花各部位颜色在传粉过程中的作用。结果发现:新疆喀什地区石榴主要传粉者为意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)和食蚜蝇(Syrphidae sp.),雄蕊黄色及其分泌挥发性化合物种类和相对含量是吸引传粉者昆虫的主要因素。去除花瓣处理组与其他3种处理组(对照、去雄蕊、去雄蕊去花瓣)比较,意大利蜜蜂的访花频率(P<0.05)及停留时间(P<0.05)均显著提高,石榴坐果率(82.33%±4.45%)也显著提高。上述结果表明,石榴黄颜色的雄蕊可能是吸引传粉者的主要结构,而红色的花瓣对其传粉成功可能有负面影响;植物花内不同结构颜色差异可能有助于在变化的环境下吸引不同的传粉者,促进繁殖成功。Aims:Floral color(visual)and scents(olfactory)are pivotal signals in plant‒pollinator interaction,serving the purpose of in attracting specific pollinators and ensuring successful pollination.Punica granatum,a commonly cultivated fruit plant exhibiting andromonoecy(i.e.hermaphrodite flower size bigger than that in male flowers),features red flowers and is primarily pollinated by bees in plantation settings.However,the effects of variations in color and scents across distinct floral on pollinator attraction and the subsequent reproductive success of P.granatum has received limited research attention.Methods:In this study,we examined an investigation to assess the effects of visual signals(color,size),as well as olfactory signals(volatile compounds,relative content)along with rewards,on pollinator visitation,fruit set,and seed set.Four distinct treatments(natural,removal of petal,stamen-petal,and stamen)were analyzed,using P.granatum flowers in Kashi City,South Xinjiang.Results:The main pollinators observed for P.granatum in Kashi City were Apis mellifera(honey bees)and Syrphidae sp.(a type of wasp).Our results yielded significant findings indicating that yellow stamens possess key visual and olfactory signal characteristics that are more effective in attracting pollinators compared to red petals.Notably,the removing of the petals led to in a significantly higher visiting frequency(P<0.05)and duration time(P<0.05)of the main pollinator,A.mellifera,when compared to the other three treatments(natural flowers and flowers removing stamen-petals and stamens).Furthermore,we observed a significantly higher fruit set in flowers with the removal of petals(82.33%±4.45%)in comparison to flowers with stamen-petal removal(66.31%±3.02%),natural flowers(50.88%±0.88%),and flowers with stamen removal(43.60%±2.04%).Conclusion:These results from the study suggest that yellow stamens play a crucial role in attracting insect pollinators,whereas red petals may a negatively impact on pollination success in P.granatum.Consequently,t

关 键 词：石榴 花色 传粉成功 坐果率 雄蕊 

分 类 号：S665.4[农业科学—果树学]