基于热-流-固耦合建模的精密机床主轴差异冷却策略优化  

Heat-fluid-solid coupling modeling based spindle differentiated cooling strategy optimization

作　　者：刘德行 刘腾[1] 褚亚强 余兵 张建军[1] LIU Dexing;LIU Teng;CHU Yaqiang;YU Bing;ZHANG Jianjun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学机械工程学院,天津300401

出　　处：《河北工业大学学报》2023年第4期16-23,共8页Journal of Hebei University of Technology

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金(17JCZDJC40300);河北省高校青年拔尖人才项目(BJ2017039);教育部春晖计划(Z2017011);江苏省精密与微细制造技术重点实验室开放基金。

摘　　要：针对以往的热模拟方法很难准确预测主轴的热行为,采用了一种热-流-固耦合主轴有限元建模方法,用于精确模拟流动冷却液与主轴结构之间的传热过程。并且在所建立的主轴热特性模型基础上还提出了一种差异冷却策略(冷却液供给温度和流量)的优化方法。该方法根据给定的主轴加工条件(如4000 r/min转速和20℃环境温度)得出优化的差异冷却策略,优化的差异冷却策略和给定的加工条件的综合作用,使主轴具有良好的热性能(稳定的温度场和最小的热误差)。最后,基于差异化的冷却装置进行实验,实验验证了该热-流-固耦合有限元主轴建模方法的可靠性,优化的差异冷却策略能有效地稳定主轴温度场。此外,还验证了稳定的主轴温度场能使主轴热误差最小。It is difficult to accurately predict the thermal behavior of the spindle by the previous thermal simulation methods.A thermal fluid solid coupling finite element modeling method is proposed to accurately simulate the heat trans⁃fer process between the flowing coolant and the spindle structure.On the basis of the established thermal behavior mod⁃el,an optimization method of differential cooling strategy(coolant supply temperature and volume flow)is proposed.Ac⁃cording to the given spindle processing conditions(such as 4000 r/min speed and 20℃ambient temperature),the opti⁃mized differential cooling strategy and the given processing conditions make the spindle have good thermal performance(stable temperature field and minimum thermal error).Finally,experiments are carried out based on the differential cool⁃ing device,which verifies the reliability of the thermal fluid solid coupling finite element spindle modeling method,and the optimized differential cooling strategy can effectively stabilize the spindle temperature field.In addition,it is verified that the stable temperature field of the spindle can minimize the thermal error of the spindle.

关 键 词：内装式电主轴 热-流-固耦合 温度场 热误差 差异冷却策略优化 

分 类 号：TG502[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床] TH161.4[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]