论“运气始于大寒”  

Discussion on‘yun-qi begins with Great Cold’

作　　者：樊经洋 翟双庆 FAN Jingyang;ZHAI Shuangqing(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中医学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2023年第7期3026-3033,共8页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：科技部科技基础资源调查专项(No.2022FY102000,No.2022FY102002)。

摘　　要：运气年周期的起始时间,是中医五运六气研究的重要论题。目前学界主要存在立春说、正月朔日说、大寒说3种观点,其说皆源于运气七篇及王冰注文。文章从运气七篇整体思想构建视角出发,通过梳理阐释3种观点的理论根据,旁参同时代相关文献典籍,认为在《素问》及王冰注文思想语境中,立春日、正月朔日的确切意涵应为候气术的测候时间点。候气技术盛行于先秦两汉,与五运六气格局构建的核心观念存在差异:候气技术以实际测候为核心,五运六气格局构建以历数推演为核心。基于以上观点,对“大寒说”理论根据进行考察,认为“二分二至”时位在五运六气格局构建中具有重要意义,以大寒日作为初之气起始,应是依据子午(二至)-卯酉(二分)自然气化纵横轴划分六气时位的理论结果。The starting time of the annual cycle is an essential topic in the study of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences in Chinese medicine.At present,there are three main views in the academic field,namely,the Beginning of Spring,the first of the lunar January,and Great Cold,all of which originated from the seven articles of yun-qi and the annotations of WANG Bing.From the perspective of overall theoretical construction,by combing and explaining the rationales of the three views and referring to the relevant literature and classics of the same period,this paper believes that the Beginning of Spring and the first of the lunar January should be important observation time points of the meteorological observation technology in Suwen.There are differences in core concepts between the meteorological observation technology and the doctrine of the five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences:the former is mainly based on actual observation,meanwhile,the latter is based on the calendar deduction.Based on the above views,this paper inquired into the rationales of the viewpoint of‘Great Cold’,and it is believed that the‘two equinoxes and solstices’are significant in pattern construction of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences.The Great Cold is used as the beginning time,which is based on the core concept of equinoxes and solstices in the seven articles of yun-qi.

关 键 词：五运六气 起始时间 候气技术 大寒日 二分二至 

分 类 号：R226[医药卫生—中医基础理论]