风电功率跟踪的渐进随动本质与无通信的风电场集中变频原理  

The Gradual Follow-up Essence of Wind Power Tracking and The Non-communication Centralized Power Conversion Principle for Wind Turbine Cluster

作　　者：贾锋 符杨 JIA Feng;FU Yang(College of electrical engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Yangpu District,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海市杨浦区200090

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2023年第15期5877-5889,共13页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2401100);上海市科技创新行动计划项目(22dz1206100)。

摘　　要：从变速恒频风电机组的降载提质增效控制目标入手,对3种基本MPPT控制下的功率跟踪能力、功率波动和轴系载荷进行分析,论证功率信号反馈控制与最优转矩控制的等价性,揭示二者本质上均属于内嵌风力机特性的渐进随动控制,阐明MW级机组变流控制不必要过分追求快速性的原因。分析表明渐进随动控制是MW级机组降载提质增效目标下的综合优选,机组巨大的转动惯量天然的为机组转速和有功功率引入10s以上的大时间常数低通滤波特性,是集中变频可行以及恒压频比控制满足发电机控制需求的依据。提出将功率信号反馈控制与转速开环恒压频比控制相结合构成集中变频换流站的有功–频率随动控制策略,省去换流站与风电场之间的高速通信。进一步提出一种适用于中远距离海上风电的新型风电系统方案——动态低频风电系统,具有潜在的低成本、高可靠和电网友好特性,经仿真验证可行。Starting with the multiple control objectives of variable speed constant frequency(VSCF)wind energy conversion system(WECS),the power tracking ability,power fluctuation and drive train torsional vibration under the three basic maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control are analyzed.This paper proved the equivalence between power signal feedback control and optimal torque control,reveals the essence of gradual follow-up control embedded with wind turbine characteristics,and expounds the reasons why the converter control of MW WECS does not need to pursue too much rapidity.The analysis shows that the gradual follow-up control is an optimum choice under the comprehensive goals,and that the huge moment of inertia of the MW-scale WECS naturally introduces a low-pass filtering characteristic with a large time constant of more than 10s for the rotational speed and active power,which is the premise of centralized power conversion,as well as the basis for constant U/f control to meet the control requirements of generator clusters.The power signal feedback control is combined with the constant U/f control to form the P-f follow-up control strategy of the centralized power converter station,which eliminates the high-speed communication between converter station and wind farm.Furthermore,the dynamic low-frequency wind power system is first proposed,which is suitable for medium and long-distance offshore wind farm.It has the characteristics of potential low cost,high reliability and grid friendliness,and the feasibility is verified with simulations.

关 键 词：风电并网 最大功率跟踪 集中变频 随动控制 恒压频比 无通信 低频输电 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]