3种不同阻力系数下优秀男子自由式摔跤运动员Wingate测试比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Wingate Test of Elite Male Freestyle Wrestlers under Three Different Loads

作　　者：刘朦 郭振向 李斌 陈岩[3] 汪洋[1] 周李明非 包大鹏[1] 刘昊扬 LIU Meng;GUO Zhenxiang;LI Bin;CHEN Yan;WANG Yang;ZHOU Limingfei;BAO Dapeng;LIU Haoyang(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Cycling and Fencing Sports Administrative Center of the General Administration of Sport of China,Beijing 100049,China;Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]国家体育总局自行车击剑运动管理中心,北京100049 [3]北京航空航天大学,北京100191

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第8期28-33,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局科研攻关项目(BSU20190186)。

摘　　要：目的:探究3种不同阻力系数的30 s Wingate无氧功测试(Wingate Anaerobic Test,WAnT)评价国家男子自由式摔跤运动员冬季训练前、后的无氧能力及训练效果的异同。方法:对10名现役国家男子自由式摔跤运动员在训练前、后进行以10.0%、7.5%、5.0%体质量(body mass, BM)代表的大、中、小3种阻力系数的WAnT测试。以峰值功率(peak power,PP)、平均功率(mean power,MP)和疲劳指数(fatigue index,FI)作为评价无氧能力的指标。运用双因素重复测量方差分析比较训练前、后及不同阻力系数之间的差异。结果:在BM10.0%的大阻力系数下,训练后的PP、MP较训练前有显著提高(P<0.05);在BM7.5%、BM5.0%的中、小阻力系数下无显著变化(P>0.05)。训练后,PP、MP在BM10.0%的大阻力系数下较BM7.5%、BM5.0%的中、小阻力系数均具有显著差异(P<0.05);FI在训练前、后和不同阻力系数间均无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论:WAnT的阻力系数是影响无氧能力评价准确性的重要因素;对于具有优秀力量水平的国家男子自由式摔跤运动员,BM10.0%的大阻力系数是评价其无氧能力及训练效果的较优阻力。Objective:To explore the similarities and differences of the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test(WAnT)with three different loads in evaluating the anaerobic capacity and the effect of training of national male freestyle wrestlers before and after winter training.Methods:Ten active national male freestyle wrestlers were performed WAnT with three loads,large,medium,and small,represented by 10.0%,7.5%,and 5.0%of the body mass(BM)before and after training.The peak power(PP),mean power(MP),and fatigue index(FI)were used as indicators to evaluate the anaerobic capacity.A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the differences before and after training and between different loads.Results:Under a large load of BM10.0%,PP and MP increased significantly after training compared to before training(P<0.05);there was no significant change under medium and small loads of BM7.5%and BM5.0%(P>0.05).After training,PP and MP were significantly different under the large load of BM10.0%compared to the medium and small loads of BM7.5%and BM5.0%(P<0.05);there was no significant change in FI before and after training and between different loads(P>0.05).Conclusions:The load of WAnT is an essential factor affecting the accuracy of anaerobic capacity evaluation;for national male freestyle wrestlers with excellent strength level,a large load of BM10.0%is a better choice to evaluate their anaerobic capacity and training effect.

关 键 词：WINGATE测试 无氧能力评价 自由式摔跤 优秀运动员 

分 类 号：G886.2[文化科学—体育训练]