环境治理中的数字赋能与监管效率提升——基于人工替代的视角  

Digital empowerment and regulatory efficiency improvement in environmental governance:from the perspective of labor substitution

作　　者：李珒 赵静[2] LI Jin;ZHAO Jing(School of Government,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China;International Cooperation Center,National Development and Reform Commission,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学政府管理学院,北京100081 [2]国家发展和改革委员会国际合作中心,北京100045

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2023年第8期130-137,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“政策信号有效传递与地方环境治理绩效提升路径研究——基于信号传递理论的视角”(批准号:72104260);中央财经大学专项支持基金项目“数字赋能中国式环境治理现代化建设研究”(批准号:SZJ2302)。

摘　　要：随着数字技术进入政府治理、企业生产与社会生活的各个领域,中国经济社会发展经历着深刻的变革与转型。数字技术赋能推动了环境治理模式与手段的转变和革新,促进了环境监管效率的提升。在此背景下,采用面板数据固定效应模型、中介效应模型和空间杜宾模型,多维度实证检验了中国104个地级市2008—2020年的数字技术发展水平对传统人力环境监管/督察次数的替代效应。研究发现:①环境治理中的数字技术应用能够实现对传统人力监管的“替代”,即随着地方数字技术发展水平的提升,其所接受的上级人力监管频率将最终得到下降。②数字技术的人力监管“替代”效应可以通过对重要污染物的减排实现,数字技术应用通过对辖区污染物产生的减排效应影响上级人力监管频率。③数字技术应用对人力监管的“替代”影响呈现先增加后减少的倒“U”型关系。研究结果表明,数字技术赋能环境治理,极大地改善了监管不充分、资源浪费与效率低的问题,实现了监管效率和监管精准性的提升。研究认为:数字化时代提升环境监管效率要强化数字化环境监管能力,推动环境监管科学化水平;持续加大数字技术在生产和监管领域的应用;推进产业结构转型、提升数字技术的减排效应、增强政府获取污染信息的能力;发挥数字技术优势,扩展社会公众参与环境治理的广度与深度。With the entry of digital technology into government,enterprises,and society,China’s economic and social development is undergoing profound changes and transformations.The empowerment of digital technology has promoted the transformation and innovation of environmental governance models and methods,as well as the improvement of environmental regulatory efficiency.In this context,using the fixed effect model of panel data,the mediating effect model,and the spatial Durbin model,this paper empirically tested the substitution effect of the digital technology development level of 104 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2020 on the number of traditional labor environmental supervisions/inspections.This research found that:①The application of digital technology in environmental governance could realize a‘substitution’of traditional labor supervisions,that is,with the improvement of digital technology at the local level,the frequency of the superiors’labor supervisions accepted locally would ultimately decrease.②The‘substitution’effect of digital technology in labor supervision could be realized through the reduction of important pollutants.The application of digital technology affected the frequency of superiors’labor supervisions through the reduction effect of pollutants in the jurisdiction.③The‘substitution’effect of digital technology application on labor supervision showed an inverted U-shaped relationship that increased first and then decreased.The research results indicated that digital technology empowered environmental governance,greatly improving the issues of inadequate regulation,resource waste,and low efficiency and achieving improvements in regulatory efficiency and precision.This research suggests that in the digital era,enhancing the efficiency of environmental supervision requires strengthening the capacity of digital environmental supervision,promoting the scientific level of environmental supervision,continuously increasing the application of digital technology in the

关 键 词：数字技术 数字赋能 环境治理 环境监管 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]