抗旱王牛和西门塔尔杂交牛肉品质特性研究  

Comparative Study on Meat Quality Characteristics Between of Droughtmaster and Simmental Crossbred

作　　者：陈静[1] 何玮[1] 徐远东[1] 蒋安[1] Chen Jing;He Wei;Xu Yuandong;Jiang An(Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 400015,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆400015

出　　处：《草学》2023年第4期73-77,共5页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：“国家牧草产业技术体系”(CARS-34);重庆市现代山地特色高效农业产业技术体系创新团队“草食牲畜产业体系创新团队”;2021年度农业高效协同重大技术“优质牧草标准化生产及养畜配套技术示范推广”等项目共同资助。

摘　　要：为了解抗旱王牛、西杂牛公牛肌肉营养特性,选择2岁健康的抗旱王牛和西杂牛公牛各3头进行屠宰,采集肌肉样品进行肌肉营养成分测定。结果表明:抗旱王牛和西杂牛公牛肌肉中水分含量约70%,蛋白质含量约20%,粗脂肪含量分别为5.59±0.14%和6.00±0.17%,灰分含量分别为1.20±0.03%和1.30±0.04%,粗脂肪和灰分均以抗旱王牛显著低于西杂牛(0.01<P<0.05),胆固醇含量分别为24.62±0.55mg·100g^(-1)和36.62±1.06mg·100g^(-1),西杂牛极显著高于抗旱王牛(P<0.01);抗旱王牛和西杂牛必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例分别为40.02±0.26%和40.60±0.30%,必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸的比例分别为66.73±0.73%和68.36±0.85%,均差异不显著(P>0.05),符合FAO/WHO优质蛋白标准;两种牛肌肉中都含有多种脂肪酸,且都含有必需脂肪酸;矿物质元素中,抗旱王牛肌肉中锌元素的含量极显著高于西杂牛(P<0.01),分别为64.3±1.60mg·kg^(-1)和34.9±1.40mg·kg^(-1),西杂牛的铜、镁、钙、铁、硒等元素极显著高于抗旱王牛,磷、铬元素显著低于抗旱王牛,锰、钼、钴和硼等元素的含量较低。试验揭示了抗旱王牛和西杂牛肉质优,营养丰富,属于高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇、高锌的肉类食品,符合现代人的饮食需求。Three 2-year-old bulls were randomly selected from Droughtmaster,Simmental Crossbred each,and the nutritional components were determined after the slaughter.The results showed that the content of water and protein in the muscle of Droughtmaster and Simmental Crossbred was about 70% and 20%,with no significant difference(P>0.05);The crude fat content was 5.59±0.14% and 6.00±0.17% respectively,and the ash content was 1.20±0.03% and 1.30±0.04% respectively,both of them with significant difference(0.01<P<0.05);The content of cholesterol was 24.62±0.55mg·100g^(-1) and 36.62±1.06mg·100g^(-1) respectively,the difference was very significant(P<0.01).The proportion of essential amino acids in total amino acids of Droughtmaster and Simmental Crossbred was 40.02±0.26% and 40.60±0.30% respectively,and the proportion of essential amino acids in nonessential amino acids was 66.73±0.73% and 68.36±0.85% respectively,which met the FAO/WHO who high-quality protein standard,and there was no significant difference(P>0.05).Both kinds of bovine muscles contain a variety of fatty acids,and both contain essential fatty acids.Among the mineral elements,the content of zinc in the muscle of Droughtmaster was significantly higher than that of Simmental Crossbred(P<0.01),which were 64.3±1.60mg·100g^(-1) and 34.9±1.40mg·100g^(-1) respectively.Thus,Droughtmaster has excellent meat quality and rich nutrition.It belongs to a meat food with high protein,low fat,low cholesterol and high zinc,which meets the dietary needs of modern people.Droughtmaster is high quality lean beef cattle.

关 键 词：抗旱王牛 西门塔尔杂交牛 肉品质特性 氨基酸 脂肪酸 矿物质元素 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]