海马NMDA受体在认知障碍中的研究进展  

Research progress of hippocampal NMDA receptors in cognitive impairment

作　　者：吴翔 张巧俊[1] 李立博[1] Wu Xiang;Zhang Qiaojun;Li Libo(Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710004,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第二附属医院康复科,710004

出　　处：《神经疾病与精神卫生》2023年第8期577-582,共6页Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81701259)。

摘　　要：海马中含有丰富的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体,它介导了与认知功能密切相关的长时程增强(LTP)和长时程抑制(LTD)。NMDA受体的激活既能起到神经保护的作用,又具有神经毒性,其原因可以通过定位模型和亚基组成模型来解释。但是模型只能相对宏观地概括NMDA受体激活后呈现的差异,在不同疾病中,NMDA受体的变化呈现出其独特的特点。本文以帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症与抗NMDA受体脑炎为例,探讨海马NMDA受体在不同疾病认知障碍中的改变,针对性地调节海马NMDA受体亚基的功能水平可能有望作为治疗疾病认知障碍的潜在靶点。The N-methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA) receptors are abundant in the hippocampus.NMDA receptors mediate long-term potentiation(LTP) and long-term depression(LTD),both of which are closely related to cognition.Activation of NMDA receptors may exert both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on two models,the localization models and the subunit composition models.However,models can only give a relatively macroscopic overview of the different effects induced by activation of NMDA receptors,and the changes in NMDA receptors are unique in different diseases.Therefore,in this paper,Parkinson disease(PD),Alzheimer disease(AD),schizophrenia and anti-NMDA receptors encephalitis are taken as examples to explore the alterations of hippocampal NMDA receptors in cognitive impairment in different diseases,and regulating the function of hippocampal NMDA receptors subunits is suggested as a potential target for the treatment of cognitive impairment.

关 键 词：海马 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体 认知障碍 综述 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]