2021年3月中国北方两次强沙尘天气污染特征  

Pollution characteristics of two strong dust processes in northern China in March 2021

作　　者：涂爱琴 王珍珠 朱庚华[4] 王治非 张海 张帅 刘东 翁宁泉 TU Aiqin;WANG Zhenzhu;ZHU Genghua;WANG Zhifei;ZHANG Hai;ZHANG Shuai;LIU Dong;WENG Ningquan(Meteorological Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031,China;Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031,China;Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Meteorological Technology Equipment Center of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250101,China;Hefei Zhongke Guangbo Quantum Technology Co.,Ltd,Hefei 230011,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象工程技术中心,山东济南250031 [2]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,山东济南250031 [3]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院安徽光学精密机械研究所,中国科学院大气光学重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [4]河北省气象技术装备中心,河北石家庄050022 [5]山东省济南生态环境监测中心,山东济南250101 [6]合肥中科光博量子科技有限公司,安徽合肥230011

出　　处：《干旱气象》2023年第4期607-619,共13页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41975038);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085J33);安徽省重点研发计划项目(2022h11020008);中科院青促会项目(Y2021113)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究沙尘天气发展规律和污染特征,以石家庄和济南为例,基于偏振-米散射激光雷达观测数据和城市颗粒物小时质量浓度等数据,分析2021年3月中国北方发生的两次强沙尘过程(3月15日与27日强沙尘过程,简称“3·15”过程与“3·27”过程)。结果表明:(1)两次过程沙尘入境时,两市PM10质量浓度快速上升,PM2.5与PM10质量浓度比迅速减小。(2)两次过程期间,两市PM10质量浓度符合正态分布,“3·15”过程石家庄和济南PM10质量浓度高斯拟合的决定系数分别为0.92和0.76,“3·27”过程分别为0.83和0.89。(3)沙尘爆发期,近地面消光系数和退偏比都明显增大。(4)因沙尘沉降和多沙尘源,沙尘传输过程中出现多层结构,可分为近地面沙尘层、低空沙尘层和高空沙尘层。近地面沙尘层出现时间和地面颗粒物质量浓度急剧上升时间基本一致。(5)离地面近且雷达数据质量可靠的195 m高度处,“3·15”过程(“3·27”过程)石家庄和济南退偏比最大分别为0.29、0.23(0.28、0.20),消光系数最大分别为3.94、3.84 km^(-1)(3.10、1.83 km^(-1))。表明沙尘在传输过程中强度变弱,大粒子不断减少。该高度退偏比开始快速上升时间比地面颗粒物质量浓度开始快速上升时间早约1 h。(6)根据沙尘天气污染特征可将其发展分为前期、爆发期、维持期和后期4个阶段,综合利用PM10质量浓度、PM2.5与PM10质量浓度比、消光系数和退偏比等能很好地识别沙尘的不同阶段。In order to study the development law and pollution characteristics of dust weathers,two strong sandstorm processes occur⁃ring in northern China in March 2021(the processes on March 15 and 27,referred to as“3·15”process and“3·27”process,respec⁃tively)are analyzed based on polarized mie-scattering lidar observation data and hourly urban particulate mass concentration data in Shijiazhuang and Jinan.The results are as follows:(1)When the dust arrived,the mass concentration of PM10 in the two cities increased rapidly,and the mass concentration ratio of PM2.5 and PM10 decreased rapidly.(2)The PM10 mass concentration of the two cities con⁃formed to the normal distribution during the two processes,and the determination coefficients of the Gaussian fitting of the PM10 mass concentration in Shijiazhuang and Jinan during the“3·15”process and the“3·27”process were 0.92 and 0.76,0.83 and 0.89,respec⁃tively.(3)During the dust outbreak period,the extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio near the ground increased significantly.(4)Due to dust sedimentation and different sources of dust,a multi-layer structure appeared during dust transport,which can be divided into near-surface dust layer,low-altitude dust layer and high-altitude dust layer.The appearance time of near-surface dust layer was ba⁃sically consistent with the sharp rise time of ground particle mass concentration.(5)At the height of 195 m(close to the ground and with reliable radar data quality),the maximum depolarization ratio in Shijiazhuang and Jinan during the“3·15”process(the“3·27”pro⁃cess)was 0.29,0.28(0.23,0.20),and the maximum extinction coefficient was 3.94,3.84 km^(-1)(3.10,1.83 km^(-1)),respectively,which showed that the strength of dust became weaker and the large particles decreased continuously during the transport process.The time when the depolarization ratio at this height began to rise rapidly was about 1 h earlier than the time when the mass concentration of ground particles began to rise rapidly.(6)A

关 键 词：沙尘 激光雷达 气溶胶 蒙古气旋 颗粒物质量浓度 

分 类 号：P42[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]