创业者印记影响机会评估和利用的认知机制--基于晨光生物的案例分析  

The influence of entrepreneurs'imprinting on opportunity evaluation and exploitation from a cognitive perspective:A case study of Chenguang Biology

作　　者：张骁[1] 王洁 柳志娣 曹鑫 ZHANG Xiao;WANG Jie;LIU Zhi-di;CAO Xin(School of Business,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学商学院,南京210093 [2]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《管理科学学报》2023年第6期96-113,共18页Journal of Management Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助重点项目(72132005,71732002,71632003);国家社会科学基金资助重大项目(21ZDA012)。

摘　　要：近年来在创业领域中有关创业认知的研究受到极大关注,但现有研究主要集中于回答“创业认知影响了什么”,少有研究深入探讨创业者认知差异的根本来源,以及这种认知差异的根本来源如何进一步影响创业机会的评估和利用过程.本研究基于印记理论和社会认知理论,通过对晨光生物的探索性案例分析,探讨了创业者印记对机会评估和利用的影响。研究发现:1)创业者贫困经历、失败经历、专业技术相关经历能够形成创业者印记,即贫困印记、失败印记、专业技术印记.2)创业者的贫困印记能够通过诱发压力学习机制来塑造其基于节流逻辑的创业认知;创业者的失败印记能够通过诱发试错学习机制来塑造其基于保守主义逻辑的创业认知;创业者的专业技术印记能够通过诱发利用式学习机制来塑造其基于专家逻辑的创业认知.3)基于不同逻辑的创业认知使得创业者以不同的标准来评估机会的合意性和可行性并运用不同的战略制定、资源获取和配置的方式来进行机会利用.本文通过丰富的案例素材构建了创业者印记影响创业机会评估和利用的认知机制模型,从认知视角打开了创业者印记影响机会评估和利用过程的黑箱,为创业机会、创业认知相关领域的文献提供了洞见.In recent years,the research on the entrepreneurial cognition has received great attention,and existing research mainly focuses on the effect of the entrepreneurial cognition,but few studies have thoroughly explored the fundamental sources of cognitive differences among entrepreneurs and how these sources further affect the evaluation and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities.Based on the imprinting theory and the social cognitive theory,the paper explores the influence of entrepreneurs'imprinting on opportunity evaluation and exploitation through the exploratory case analysis of Chenguang Biology.The results show that:1)the en-trepreneurs'poverty experience,failure experience and professional technology-related experience can form their poverty imprinting,failure imprinting,and professional technology imprinting;2)the entrepreneurs poverty imprinting can shape their entrepreneurial cognition of thrift logic by triggering stress learning mecha-nism;the entrepreneurs'failure imprinting can shape their entrepreneurial cognition of conservative logic by triggering trial-and-error learning mechanism;the entrepreneurs'professional technology imprinting can shape their entrepreneurial cognition of expert logic by triggering exploitation learning mechanism;3)the entrepre-neurial cognition of different logic allows entrepreneurs to use variant standards to evaluate the desirability and feasibility of opportunities and to use multiple methods of strategy formulation,resource acquisition and alloca-tion to exploit opportunities.This paper uses a number of case materials to construct a cognitive mechanism model of the influence of entrepreneurs'imprinting on the opportunity evaluation and exploitation,which opens the black box of the influence of entrepreneurs'imprinting on the opportunity evaluation and exploitation from a cognitive perspective and provides insights into the literature of entrepreneurial opportunities and cognition.

关 键 词：创业者印记 创业认知 机会评估 机会利用 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]