阿维菌素发酵废渣堆肥对番茄生长与品质的影响  

Effects of Avermectin Fermentation Waste Compost on Tomato Growth and Quality

作　　者：李文豪 赵西乐 辛寒晓 孙国科 刘丽英[1] 孙中涛[1] Li Wenhao;Zhao Xile;Xin Hanxiao;Sun Guoke;Liu Liying;Sun Zhongtao(College of Life Science,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,271018;Shandong Zotiser Biological Technology Co.Ltd.,Jinan,250000)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学生命科学学院,泰安271018 [2]山东佐田氏生物科技有限公司,济南250000

出　　处：《腐植酸》2023年第4期64-70,共7页Humic Acid

基　　金：山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目“连作障碍土壤改良菌剂生产和应用技术研究与示范”(项目编号2022TSGC1008);山东省济南市农业应用技术创新项目“新型蔬菜抗重茬生物有机水溶肥生产技术研究与产业化应用”(项目编号CX202213)。

摘　　要：研究阿维菌素发酵废渣(AFR)堆肥对番茄生长、品质与土壤理化性质的影响,探讨其在农业生产中的应用价值。采用4种配方进行堆肥:CK,菌糠100%;T1,AFR 15%+菌糠85%;T2,AFR 30%+菌糠70%;T3,在T2基础上添加10%的成熟堆肥。番茄盆栽试验共设5个处理组:CW,清水对照;CK’,施用CK组堆肥;T1’,施用T1组堆肥;T2’,施用T2组堆肥;T3’,施用T3组堆肥。结果表明:所有添加AFR的堆肥中,阿维菌素降解率均可达98%以上。AFR堆肥能够促进番茄生长,其中,T1’组株高、茎粗、鲜重和干重比CW组分别提高了7.64%、23.69%、17.47%和9.92%,叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高了41.02%、15.16%和58.33%(第60天),番茄可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,可溶性糖含量显著提高。T2’组与CW组相比上述指标(除干重外)也均有提高,但略低于T1’组,其原因是AFR添加量较大时阿维菌素对微生物生长代谢具有抑制作用,影响堆肥质量。T3’组与T2’组相比上述指标明显提高(第60天),这说明接种成熟堆肥有助于消除阿维菌素的抑制作用,从而改善堆肥品质。The effects of avermectin fermentation residue(AFR)compost on tomato growth,quality and soil physical and chemical properties were studied,and its application value in agricultural production was discussed.Composting was carried out with four formulas:CK,100% spent mushroom subordinate(SMS);T1,AFR 15%+SMS 85%;T2,AFR 30%+SMS 70%;T3,add 10% mature compost on the basis of T2.Tomato pot experiment consisted of 5 treatment groups:CW,water control;CK',apply compost of CK group;T1',apply compost of T1 group;T2',apply compost of T2 group;T3',apply compost of T3 group.The results showed that among all the composts containing AFR,the avermectin degradation rates were all more than 98%.AFR compost could significantly promote tomato growth.From the data on the 60th day,it can be seen that the plant height,stem diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of T1'group were 7.64%,23.69%,17.47% and 9.92% higher than those of CW group,respectively;the activities of SOD,POD and CAT in leaves of T1'group were 41.02%,15.16%and 58.33% higher than those of CW group,respectively;and the content of soluble protein in tomato decreased significantly,while the content of soluble sugar increased significantly.Compared with CW group,T2'group also improved the above indicators except for dry weight,but which were slightly lower than that of T1'group.The reason was that avermectin inhibited the growth and metabolism of microorganisms when the amount of AFR was larger,which led to lower compost quality.Compared with T2'group,T3'group significantly improved the above indicators on the 60th day,which indicated that the inoculation of mature compost was helpful to eliminate the inhibition of avermectin,and improved the quality of compost.

关 键 词：阿维菌素 发酵废渣 好氧堆肥 番茄 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]