湖南南部和北部地区饲用小黑麦的适应性  

Study on the adaptability of forage triticale in southern and northern Hunan

作　　者：何鹏亮 揭红东 马玉申[1,2] 邢虎成 邓荟芬[1,2] 吴胜兰 张英 揭雨成 HE Pengliang;JIE Hongdong;MA Yushen;XING Hucheng;DENG Huifen;WU Shenglan;ZHANG Ying;JIE Yucheng(Institute of Ramie,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Hunan Provincial Research Center of Engineering Technology for Grass Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学苎麻研究所,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省草类作物种质创新与利用工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第8期2106-2120,共15页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：湖南省草食动物产业技术体系牧草种植与秸秆加工利用岗位专家专项(2019-2021);国家科技基础性工作专项(2017FY100604-02);国家重点研发计划项目(NCGRC-2020-48)。

摘　　要：为了研究饲用小黑麦(×Triticosecale Wittmack)在湖南南部和北部地区的适应性,在湘北和湘南试验站测定并分析了4个小黑麦材料和1个黑麦(Secale cereale)材料的生育期、农艺性状、草产量和营养品质。结果表明:5个参试材料在湘北和湘南试验站均可以正常成熟,生育期分别在173~191和168~185 d。株高分别为113.92~147.96和125.30~176.47 cm,分蘖数分别为228.00~313.67和215.00~330.67万个·hm^(−2),绿叶数分别为每株1.63~2.37和1.43~3.33片,鲜草产量分别为34.27~49.95和30.46~52.37 t·hm^(−2),干草产量分别为8.19~14.27和6.78~15.90 t·hm^(−2)。粗蛋白含量分别为10.47%~12.25%和9.28%~13.51%,中性洗涤纤维含量分别为62.07%~71.71%和65.60%~72.86%,酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为31.07%~41.69%和36.14%~41.37%,酸性洗涤木质素含量分别为18.37%~22.64%和18.24%~23.85%,粗脂肪含量分别为5.02%~8.37%和5.35%~7.93%,粗灰分含量分别为6.85%~10.02%和5.91%~8.69%,可溶性糖含量分别为2.00%~12.04%和2.81%~8.94%。小黑麦材料‘中饲3297’无倒伏,‘中饲1640’在湘南试验站轻度倒伏。综合草产量和营养品质,‘中饲3297’表现最优,适宜在湖南南部和北部地区推广应用,‘中饲1640’表现较优,适宜在湖南南部地区推广应用。To assess the adaptability of forage triticale in southern and northern Hunan,this study investigated the growth period,agronomic traits,forage yield,and nutritional quality of four triticale genotypes and one rye genotype.The experiments were conducted at Xiangbei Experimental Station and Xiangnan Experimental Station.The results indicated that all five genotypes exhibited normal maturation at both stations,with growth periods ranging from 173 to 191 days in Xiangbei and 168 to 185 days in Xiangnan.Plant height ranged from 113.92 to 147.96 cm in Xiangbei and from 125.30 to 176.47 cm in Xiangnan.The number of tillers ranged from 2.2800 to 3.1367 million·ha−1 in Xiangbei and 2.1500 to 3.3067 million·ha^(−1) in Xiangnan.Additionally,the number of green leaves per plant ranged from 1.63 to 2.37 in Xiangbei and 1.43 to 3.33 in Xiangnan,while the fresh weight varied from 34.27 to 49.95 t·ha^(−1) in Xiangbei and 30.46 to 52.37 t·ha^(−1) in Xiangnan.Hay yield ranged from 8.19 to 14.27 t·ha^(−1) in Xiangbei and 6.78 to 15.90 t·ha−1 in Xiangnan.The nutritional composition,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,acid detergent lignin,ether extract,crude ash,and water-soluble carbohydrate contents at Xiangbei Experimental Station were in the ranges of 10.47%to 12.25%,62.07%to 71.71%,31.07%to 41.69%,18.37%to 22.64%,5.02%to 8.37%,6.85%to 10.02%,and 2.00%to 12.04%,respectively.At Xiangnan Experimental Station,the corresponding ranges were 9.28%to 13.51%for crude protein,65.60%to 72.86%for neutral detergent fiber,36.14%to 41.37%for acid detergent fiber,18.24%to 23.85%for acid detergent lignin,5.35%to 7.93%for ether extract,5.91%to 8.69%for crude ash,and 2.81%to 8.94%for water-soluble carbohydrate.Among the genotypes,‘Zhongsi 3297’exhibited no lodging,while‘Zhongsi 1640’showed light lodging at Xiangnan Experimental Station.Considering the combined factors of forage yield and nutritional quality,‘Zhongsi 3297’demonstrated the best performance and is recommended for wider cultivatio

关 键 词：黑麦 生育期 农艺性状 鲜草产量 干草产量 营养品质 倒伏程度 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]