培智学校室外环境营建策略:场地构成、尺度、组织 及细节设计特殊要求  

Construction Strategies of Outdoor Environment of Schools for Intellectually Disabled Children:Special Requirements for Site Composition,Scale,Organization and Detail Design

作　　者：朱新苗 陈洋[1] 王佳 葛昕 ZHU Xinmiao;CHEN Yang;WANG Jia;GE Xin

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院 [2]西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2023年第8期61-70,共10页South Architecture

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018SF-408):基于“医教结合”的陕西智障儿童康复教育场所布点规划及空间模式研究;陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2023-JC-QN-0520):社会生态导向下陕西智障儿童早期发展支持的空间模式研究。

摘　　要：近年来,培智学生的数量显著攀升且障碍程度愈发严重,其障碍程度越重,特殊需求就越复杂,就越需要空间环境的支持。然而,目前我国大多培智学校的室外环境仿普通学校而建,缺乏对特殊需求的考量,严重影响培智学生的身心康复成效及师生家长的校园生活品质。针对我国培智学校室外环境的现状问题,基于使用主体特征及特殊需求分析其对室外环境的特殊要求,通过借鉴教育发达国家的特殊教育学校室外环境营建智慧,从场地构成、场地尺度、场地组织及场地细节设计等四方面提出培智学校室外环境营建策略,为培智学校室外环境的新建与改扩建提供参考。In recent years,the number of students in schools for intellectually disabled children has increased significantly,accompanied by intensifying degrees of disability.This is a result of some children with mild disabilities being enrolled in regular schools due to the implementation of inclusive education.Meanwhile,special education schools are responsible for receiving children with moderate or severe disabilities.Children with higher severity of disabilities require more complicated special needs and need more support in terms of spatial environment.However,the research and development of school buildings for intellectually disabled children in China's Mainland relatively lags behind due to the late start of special education in the country.Currently,the outdoor environments in most schools for intellectually disabled children in China are constructed by imitating those in regular schools,without consideration for special needs.This negatively impacts the physical and mental recovery effect of the intellectually disabled students and the campus life quality of the students,teachers,and parents.Therefore,research on the construction of outdoor environments in schools for intellectually disabled children is urgent and has great practical significance.Firstly,according to a field survey of over 70 well-constructed special schools,the problems of the outdoor environment in schools for intellectually disabled children in China are mainly manifested in four aspects:incomplete outdoor site composition,unreasonable site scale,unscientific site organization,and insufficient consideration to site detail design.Secondly,the relatively mature experiences of developed countries in the construction of outdoor environments in schools for intellectually disabled children were reviewed.Two enlightenments were acquired through the analysis of these excellent cases.(1)Full consideration of the special needs of users is the key to successfully constructing outdoor environments in schools for intellectually disabled children.(2)It is

关 键 词：培智学校 室外环境 营建策略 场地构成 场地尺度 场地组织 场地细节设计 特殊要求 

分 类 号：TU-02[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU2