共有物分割诉讼的类型分析  

Analysis on the Types of Division for the Co-owned Property

作　　者：刘子赫 Liu Zi-he

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2023年第3期96-111,共16页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“民法典与民事诉讼法的协同实施研究”(项目编号:22&ZD206)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：共有物分割诉讼诉的类型,受案件具体诉讼请求与分割权性质学说的双重影响。共有物分割可以分为结束共有关系、确定分割方式和履行分割方案三个阶段,各个阶段当事人的行为差异将导致具体诉讼请求不同。共有物分割权的各种性质学说都有其适宜的比较法背景,请求权说可以在德国体系中得到恰当解释,但需要配合排除适用诉讼时效的特殊规则,我国统一设置按份共有与共同共有分割权的规范更适应形成诉权说。法院应根据原告实际请求,结合权利定性,确定分割诉讼的具体类型,适配相应程序。诉讼中,确定分割方式的阶段在程序上具有特殊性。确定分割方式的判决或调解书的执行力应区分类型判断,具体方式应该在判决中写明,不能留待执行阶段确定。共有物分割诉讼中确定分割方式的部分在不受处分原则限制、不适用败诉方承担诉讼费用原则等方面具有非讼性质,但其仍应为重视辩论原则的诉讼事件。虚拟财产在确定分割方式时需要区分不属于财产的内容,同时注意其在可分割性和可转让性上的特殊性质。The type of the proceeding to the division of the co-owned property are affected both by the specific claims in the case and the theories on the nature of the right to divide.The division of the co-owned property can be divided into three stages:ending the relationship,determining the way of division and performing the plan of division,and the different behaviors of the parties at each stage will lead to different claims.The various theories about the nature of the right to divide have their comparative law backgrounds,like the Anspruch theory can be properly interpreted in the German system,but need to exclude the limitation rule,while the Gestaltungsklage theory fits China’s regulations including the right to divide the property of the co-ownership by shares and co-ownership jointly.The courts should determine the type of the proceeding and adopt corresponding procedure,based on plaintiff’s actual claims and the nature of the right to divide.In the litigation,the stage of determining the way of division has special procedure character.The enforceability of the judgment or the conciliation that determines the way of division should be distinguished by types,and the detailed division method should be written in the judgment and not left to be determined at the enforcement stage.Part of the proceeding of the division of the co-owned property has non-contentious nature,such as that judges are not limited by the principle of disposition,and the losing party doesn’t bear all of the costs of litigation,but it should still be the litigation event which applies the principle of debate.The division of virtual property needs to differ what is not property,while paying attention to its special nature in terms of divisibility and transferability.

关 键 词：共有物分割 分割权性质 诉的类型 执行力 虚拟财产 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]