毒气泄漏和蒸汽云爆炸事故的人员疏散路线研究——以宁波某化工园区为例  

Study on Evacuation Routes in the Context of Toxic Gas Leakage and Steam Cloud Explosion Accidents--Taking a Chemical Park in Ningbo as an Example

作　　者：黄辉[1,2] 郭金波 蔡喜洋 胡思成 庄春吉 HUANG Hui;GUO Jinbo;CAI Xiyang;HU Sicheng;ZHUANG Chunji(Ningbo University of Technology,Ningbo Zhejiang 315211,China;Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University,Ningbo Zhejiang 315201,China;North University of China,Taiyuan Shanxi 030051,China;Ningbo Hazardous Chemicals Emergency Rescue Research Center,Ningbo Zhejiang 315825,China;Ningbo Emergency Management Comprehensive Service Guarantee Center,Ningbo Zhejiang 315066,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波工程学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]天津大学浙江研究院,浙江宁波315201 [3]中北大学,山西太原030051 [4]宁波市危险化学品应急救援研究中心,浙江宁波315825 [5]宁波市应急管理综合服务保障中心,浙江宁波315066

出　　处：《安全》2023年第9期1-7,共7页Safety & Security

基　　金：天津大学浙江研究院开放课题(ZITJU2022-ZYHY010);宁波市产教融合“五个一批”名单双师型教师建设项目(No.43甬发改社发[2022]459号)。

摘　　要：为研究化工园区发生毒气泄露和蒸汽云爆炸事故时人员疏散路线问题,通过ALOHA软件对事故情景进行模拟。先将模拟得到的危险等级区域与基于GIS确定的化工园区受影响的实际道路结合形成由箭线和节点构建的疏散图,然后基于实际道路长度和伤害值的道路当量长度,借助Dijkstra算法求解多源点人员疏散总距离最短和总伤害值最小的疏散路线。结果表明:在毒气泄露和蒸汽云爆炸事故情境下,疏散总距离最短的疏散路线并不是最好的,总伤害值最小的疏散路线可有效减少事故对疏散人员的影响,可作为较为安全的路线用于化工园区应急预案修订与应急指挥决策等。To study the evacuation route of personnel in the event of a toxic gas leakage and steam cloud explosion accident in a chemical park,ALOHA software was used to simulate the accident scenario.The simulated danger level area was combined with the actual roads affected by the chemical park determined based on GIS to form an evacuation map constructed by arrows and nodes.Then,based on the equivalent length of the road and the damage value,the Dijkstra algorithm was used to solve the evacuation route with the shortest total distance and the smallest total damage value for personnel evacuation from multiple source points.The results indicated that in the context of toxic gas leakage or steam cloud explosion accidents,the evacuation route with the shortest total evacuation distance was not the best evacuation route planning.The evacuation route planning with the smallest total injury value can effectively reduce the impact of accidents on evacuation personnel,and can be used as a reference for the revision of emergency plans and emergency command decision-making processes in chemical parks as a safer route.

关 键 词：毒气泄漏 蒸汽云爆炸 DIJKSTRA算法 疏散路线 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]