3D打印在骨学实验和临床教学中的研究进展  

Research progress of 3D printing in osteology experimental teaching and clinical teaching

作　　者：葛尧 张建水 杨蓬勃 周劲松 高菱鸽 杨春莲 张艳芝 冯改丰 GE Yao;ZHANG Jianshui;YANG Pengbo;ZHOU Jinsong;GAO Lingge;YANG Chunlian;ZHANG Yanzhi;FENG Gaifeng(Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部基础医学院人体解剖学与组织胚胎学系,西安710061 [2]西安市儿童医院血液肿瘤科

出　　处：《基础医学教育》2023年第8期715-720,共6页Basic Medical Education

基　　金：西安交通大学本科实验实践与创新创业教育教学改革研究专项基金资助项目(20SJZX14,21SJZX36)。

摘　　要：随着计算机技术不断更新,3D打印在越来越多的领域得到了广泛的应用。医学院校基础教育工作者将3D打印四肢骨、颅骨、躯干骨和关节等模型用于人体解剖学骨学实验教学,提升了学生的学习兴趣和学习效果。临床教育工作者将3D打印模型用于骨科住院医师规范化培训、临床实习和手术培训,发现3D打印模型有助于掌握骨科理论知识和骨科基本操作技能,扩展临床思维,促进骨科实习积极性等,且提高了学生对传统教学的满意度;特别是在复杂骨盆肿瘤、踝关节重建、口腔颌面肿瘤和脊柱肿瘤,提高了病灶的切除率。由于颅脑解剖结构的复杂性,结合3D打印实现了颅脑解剖结构和病灶的立体化、可视化,加深了手术医生对疾病的宏观认识。经过在模型上反复模拟操作,手术医生提升了手术操作技巧,降低了手术中不可预知的风险,减少了并发症和缩短手术时间,改善了颅内动脉瘤、颞骨骨肉瘤和脑肿瘤的治疗效果。3D打印模型一定程度上能够缓解骨标本不足的现状,且为骨学实验教学、临床培训和手术方案设计提供新方法和新思路,有助于培养新医科时代背景下优秀医疗人才。With the rapid development of computer technology,3D printing has been increasingly used in various fields.Teachers of basic medicine in medical colleges and universities have applied 3D printed models of limb bones,skull bones,trunk bones and joints to the experimental teaching of osteology in human anatomy,so that the students can increase their interest in learning and improve the learning effect.Clinicians have used 3D printed models in the standardization training,clinical internships,and surgical training for orthopedic residents,and it was found that 3D printed models help the residents to better understand theoretical knowledge,develop basic operation skills,and expand clinical thinking.The resection rate of lesions was improved in cases of complex pelvic tumors,ankle joint reconstruction,oral and maxillofacial tumors,and spinal tumors.The complexity of the cerebral anatomic structure makes surgical procedures challenging,but 3D printing has realized the visualization of the cerebral anatomic structures and lesions,facilitating the operation for surgeons.Repeated simulation operations on the models help the surgeons to improve surgical skills,reduce risk in the operation,decrease the complications,and shorten the operation time.It improves the therapeutic effect of intracranial aneurysm,temporal bone osteosarcoma,and brain tumor.In conclusion,3D printed models can help alleviate the shortage of bone specimens to some extent,and provide new methods and ideas for experimental teaching,clinical training,and surgical plan design of osteology,which is conducive to the cultivation of excellent medical talents in the era of New Medical Science.

关 键 词：骨学 人体解剖学 3D打印 教学改革 实验教学 研究进展 

分 类 号：R68[医药卫生—骨科学]