试论先秦儒家文道观的建构  

On the Construction of Pre‐Qin Confucian Views of Literature and Taoism

作　　者：党圣元 刘伟[3] Dang Shengyuan;Liu Wei

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院 [2]中国社会科学院外国文学研究所 [3]中国社会科学院大学文学院

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》2023年第4期185-193,239,F0003,共11页Social Science Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA236)。

摘　　要：从原始巫术时代至西周时期周人建构“德”“礼”思想体系,包括孔子以“仁”学思想贯穿礼乐文化的思想学说,即从“神”之“文”到“德”之“文”,为先秦儒家文道观的奠基和形成阶段。从“德”之“文”到“心性”之“文”,即孟子思想学说中强调“心”“性”与诗乐统一关系的言说,为先秦儒家文道观之深化阶段。再到“化性起伪”之“文”即荀子思想学说及其以“心”“伪”绾合性情与诗乐之关系的言说,为先秦儒家文道观之拓展阶段。以《诗大序》《礼记·乐记》为代表的汉代儒生对先秦儒家文道观的整合与重构,为先秦儒家文道观的总结定型阶段。先秦儒家文道观本质上是“道”,即以“德”“性”为本体和本原概念派生出的用以制约、规范“文”与“道”的关系、用以形塑“文”的价值共同体。先秦儒家文道观是在对先秦思想传统的接受与演变过程中逐步整合建构而成的,为后世儒家文道观、文学价值思想体系的发展提供了重要的根基和基本依循。作为中华优秀传统文化因子之一的先秦儒家文道观,对当下文化、文学思想的建设也有一定的参考借鉴、传承弘扬意义。The primitive witchcraft era to the Western Zhou Dynasty whose people constructed the ideological system of virtue and ritual is the foundation and formation stage of the pre⁃Qin Confucian views of literature and Taoism.It in⁃cludes Confucius’thoughts of benevolence throughout the cultures of ritual and music,namely from the literature of godhood to the literature of virtue.Mencius’s statement that emphasizes the unified relationship between mind and nature and poetry and music is the deepening stage of the pre⁃Qin Confucian views of literature and Taoism.It indi⁃cates the transition from literature of virtue to the literature of mind and nature.The literature of transformation from falsehood is the expansion stage.It reflects in Xunzi’s thoughts and statement that uses mind and falsehood in con⁃necting the nature and emotion with poetry and music.Confucian scholars in Han Dynasty conduct the integration and reconstruction of pre⁃Qin Confucian views of literature and Taoism in the finalization stage of pre⁃Qin Confu⁃cian views of literature and Taoism,which is represented byShi Da Xu(《诗大序》)andLi Ji·Yue Ji(《礼记·乐记》).The pre⁃Qin Confucian views of literature and Taoism are essentially the community of values of restricting and regulating the relationship between literature and Taoism and shaping the literature by Taoism,that is,the onto⁃logy and primordial concepts derived from virtue and nature.The pre⁃Qin Confucian views of literature and Taoism was gradually integrated and constructed in the process of accepting and evolving the pre⁃Qin thought tradition,which provided vital foundation and basis for the development of later Confucian views of literature and Taoism in⁃cluding literary ideology.As one of the factors of Chinese excellent traditional culture,the pre⁃Qin Confucian views of literature and Taoism is significant for the reference,inheritance,and promotion of the construction of current cul⁃tures and literary thoughts.

关 键 词：文道 德文 诗乐 心性 情志 文以载道 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学]