后激活增强效应提高运动员无氧运动表现的神经机制研究  

Study on the Neural Mechanisms of Post-activation Potentiation-Induced Improvement in Anaerobic Performance of Athletes

作　　者：李秦陇 王瑾月 车开萱 施明强 李彦锦 李岩[1] 周越[1,2] Li Qinlong;Wang Jinyue;Che Kaixuan;Shi Mingqiang;Li Yanjin;Li Yan;Zhou Yue(Sport Science School,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health,Ministry of Education,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2023年第5期352-358,共7页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300801)。

摘　　要：目的:通过比较后激活增强效应(PAP)诱导热身与常规热身(定量自行车骑行)后的无氧运动表现、脑电信号(EEG)及心率变异性(HRV)的变化特点,从中枢神经和自主神经系统的角度,探讨PAP热身提高无氧运动表现的神经机制。方法:实验对象为12名某大学体能班男性运动员。首先测量PAP诱导热身时的能量消耗,根据结果设置强度相同的常规热身方案。实验设计为均衡随机交叉自身对照。运动员按随机顺序前后间隔3天,完成85%1RM负重半蹲3次、间歇1分钟、重复3组为诱导强度的PAP热身或常规热身,以及两种热身后4~8分钟内的EEG及HRV等指标的测试,并在第8分钟进行Wingate 30s无氧功测试。结果:与常规热身相比,PAP诱导热身后最大无氧功率(PAP热身:11.53±1.30 W/kg;常规热身:10.70±0.75 W/kg)和平均无氧功率(PAP热身:8.36±0.72 W/kg;常规热身:8.08±0.77 W/kg)显著提高(P<0.05),达峰值功率时间(PAP热身:3502.36±1675.48 ms;常规热身:5274.82±2364.31 ms)显著缩短(P<0.05)。PAP热身后间歇第8分钟最大无氧功率的提高与7~8分钟内α1(r=0.801,P<0.01)、α2(r=0.759,P<0.01)以及相邻RR间期之差的均方根值(r=0.783,P<0.01)的增加呈正相关关系,达峰值功率时间的缩短与高频功率的提高呈负相关关系(r=-0.705,P<0.05)。结论:与常规热身方式相比,PAP诱导热身后8分钟时的运动员无氧运动能力显著提升,最大功率的提高和达峰值功率时间的缩短与其热身后大脑唤醒水平和注意力的提高以及副交感神经活性增强后体能储备的恢复有关。ObjectiveTo explore the neural mechanism underlying the improvement of anaerobic performance induced by post-activation potentiation(PAP) warm-up compared to conventional warm-up(quantitative cycling),by examining the changes in anaerobic exercise performance,electroencephalogram(EEG) and heart rate variability(HRV) in the perspectives of the central and autonomic nervous systems.MethodsThe experimental subjects were 12 male athletes in a physical fitness class at a university.The energy expenditure during PAP-induced warm-up was first measured,and a regular warmup regimen of the same intensity was set according to the results.A balanced randomized crossover self-control design was used,and the athletes completed the following task with a 3-day interval.Each athlete completed three sets of 85% 1RM weight-bearing squats with a 1-minute interval,and repeated three groups of either PAP-induced warm-up or conventional warm-up for induction intensity.The EEG and HRV indicators were tested within 4 to 8 minutes after the conventional warm-up,and the Wingate 30s test was performed at the 8thminute.ResultsCompared with conventional warm-up,the peak power(PAP warm-up:11.53 ± 1.30 W/kg,conventional warm-up:10.70 ± 0.75 W/kg) and mean power(PAP warm-up:8.36 ± 0.72 W/kg,conventional warm-up:8.08 ± 0.77 W/kg) increased significantly(P0.05) after the PAP-induced warm-up,and the time to the peak power(PAP warm-up:3502.36 ± 1675.48 ms,conventional warm-up:5274.82 ± 2364.31 ms) was significantly shortened(P0.05).The increase in the maximum anaerobic power at the 8thminute after the PAP warm-up and within 7-8 minutes was positively correlated with alpha 1(r=0.801,P0.01),alpha 2(r=0.759,P0.01) and the root mean square of successive differences between adjacent RR intervals(r=0.783,P0.01).Moreover,the shortening of the time to peak power was negatively correlated with the increase in the high frequency power(r=-0.705,P0.05).ConclusionThe anaerobic exercise capacity of the athletes at the 8thminutes after the PAP-induced warm-u

关 键 词：后激活增强效应 中枢神经 自主神经 无氧运动 神经生理机制 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学] G804.2[医药卫生—临床医学]