智旭易学中的君子意象--以《周易禅解》为中心  

The Image of The Man of Noble Character in Zhixu's Yi Scholarship:Centering on Zhouyi Chanjie

作　　者：车辙 CHE Zhe

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《周易研究》2023年第3期64-71,共8页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：明末高僧蕅益智旭在《周易禅解》中以佛学视角叙述了其对君子的理解。与儒学常以社会关系或道德范畴为核心去理解、建构君子人格不同,智旭依托《周易》天人观念,立足佛学超越精神进行诠释。在君子的自然特质方面,智旭以缘起说为基,借真如实相释君子所“顺性命之理”,实现修行次第与自然秩序的对应。在君子的道德秩序方面,智旭以中道观理解持中守正、以“八相”“四众”联系能谦遵礼、以法界一心表达审时知几,令儒家智德与般若智慧结合,为应用于具体事务的明智提供价值理性的依凭。在君子的理想境界方面,智旭引入菩萨果位,使君子人格兼具现实与理想、世俗与超越的特质。《周易禅解》反映出的君子意象代表了明末佛教中人对儒学的理解,同时也可被视为传统君子文化创造性转化和创新性发展的补充资源。The late Ming monk Ouyi Zhixu(1599-1655)described his understanding of the man of noble character from a Buddhist perspective in his Zhouyi Chanjie(A Buddhist Interpretation of the Zhou Changes).Unlike Confucianism,which often regards social relationships or moral categories as the core to understand and construct the personality of a man of noble character,Zhixu relied on the concept of heaven and human in the Book of Changes and interpreted it based on the transcendent spirit of Buddhism.In terms of the natural characteristics of a man of noble character,Zhixu took the theory of dependent co-origination as the basis and interpreted the dictum of“following the principle of nature and fate”of a man of noble character through truth and reality,achieving a correspondence between the order of cultivation and the natural order.In terms of the moral order of a man of noble character,Zhixu understood the compliance with zhong(centrality)and zheng(correct position)by Buddhist concepts of the Middle Way,connected with the“baxiang”(the eight states of Buddha's existence)and“sizhong”(four Buddhists),to be humble and obedient to ritual propriety,and expressed single-minded observation of the timing in the Dharmadhatu.He combined Confucian wisdom and Prajna wisdom,providing a basis for the application of value rationality in specific affairs.In terms of the ideal realm of a man of noble character,Zhixu evoked the fruit position of the Bodhisattva,showing the personality of a man of noble character with both real and ideal,secular and transcendent characteristics.The image of a man of noble character reflected in the Zhouyi Chanjie(A Buddhist Interpretation of the Zhou Changes)represents the understanding of Confucianism in late Ming Buddhism and can also be seen as a supplementary resource for the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture of the man of noble character.

关 键 词：智旭 《周易禅解》 君子 

分 类 号：B248.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]