《史记·滑稽列传》“滑稽”论  

Study on“Funny”in Biography of Jesters in Historical Records

作　　者：韩团结 HAN Tuanjie(School of Humanities,Weinan Normal University,Weinan 714099,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南师范学院人文学院,陕西渭南714099

出　　处：《渭南师范学院学报》2023年第7期49-55,共7页Journal of Weinan Normal University

摘　　要：“滑稽”和“诙谐”的音义均相近,可以通用。“滑稽”不仅是传中人物的共有特点,司马迁在写作手法、结构安排、语言运用上也表现出了“滑稽”之处。不过,他理解的“滑稽”还有价值观上的考量。滑稽人物人微言轻,却以滑稽的方式讽谏君王,发挥了自身的价值。他们在讽谏言语上运用类比法、归谬法、对比法启发君王,使君王自悟。其讽谏多为韵语,带有一定的音乐美感。他们综合运用表演和演唱的形式,营造出愉快轻松的氛围,寓庄于谐,大大提高了讽谏成功的概率。另外,司马迁根据“匡时济世”的价值、“卑微如尘”的身份、“不争势力”的人格、“广为传颂”的事迹这四个标准来筛选所要著录的人物,使《滑稽列传》成为一篇独特的人物传记。“Funny”and“humor”have similar sounds and meanings and can be used in general.“Funny”is not only a common feature of the characters,but also Sima Qian’s presentation of“funny”in writing techniques,structure,and language.However,his understanding of“funny”also has value considerations.The jesters speak little,but they satirize the monarch in a funny way,playing their own value.They use analogy,fallacy and comparison to inspire the king and make the king realize himself.Their irony is mostly rhyme,with a certain sense of musical beauty.They synthetically use the forms of performance and singing to create a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere,with solemnity and harmony,greatly improving the probability of success.In addition,Sima Qian screens the descriptive characters according to the four criteria:the value of helping the country,humble identity,noble personality and widespread stories,which make Biography of Jesters a unique biography of characters.

关 键 词：《史记》 《滑稽列传》 滑稽 诙谐 讽谏艺术 著录标准 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]