不同新型磷肥对黄瓜产量、品质及磷肥利用率的影响  

Effects of different new phosphorus fertilizers on yield,quality and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizers in cucumber

作　　者：徐雅婷 景建元 李虹颖[2] 程启鹏 张朝春 柴如山[1] 罗来超 熊启中 叶新新[1] 郜红建[1] XU Yating;JING Jianyuan;LI Hongying;CHENG Qipeng;ZHANG Chaochun;CHAI Rushan;LUO Laichao;XIONG Qizhong;YE Xinxin;GAO Hongjian(School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Con-servation and Pollution Prevention/Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hefei 230036;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/安徽省绿色磷肥智能制造与高效利用工程研究中心/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/自然资源部江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室,合肥230036 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,合肥230001

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2023年第4期603-610,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：安徽省教育厅重点项目(2022AH050886);安徽省青年科学基金(1908085QC139);安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012);安徽省杰出青年科学基金(2008085J13)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了探明不同新型磷肥对黄瓜产量、品质及磷肥利用效率的影响,遴选适合黄瓜的最优新型磷肥品种,为土壤-黄瓜-新型磷肥匹配提供理论依据。选用不同新型磷肥进行田间栽培试验和室内培养试验,以黄瓜为研究对象,设置4个处理:不施磷肥(CK)、普通磷酸二铵(DAP)、控失活化磷酸二铵(LC-DAP)和聚磷酸铵(APP)。通过田间试验探究不同新型磷肥对黄瓜品质和磷肥利用率的影响;基于室内培养试验利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段解析新型磷肥对磷有效性的化学增效机制。结果显示:与DAP处理相比,APP处理中黄瓜产量增加18.5%,黄瓜可溶性糖和维生素C含量分别提高了33.5%和16.7%,硝酸盐含量降低了3.7%。相比DAP处理,LC-DAP与APP处理均可以显著提高土壤有效磷含量和黄瓜植株磷素累积量(P<0.05),磷肥吸收利用率分别提高了4.7%和10.9%,磷肥贡献率分别提高了13.6%和13.4%;磷肥农学利用率分别提高了170.4%和172.9%;磷肥偏生产力分别提高了18.3%和18.5%,除磷肥吸收利用率外,LC-DAP与APP处理差异不大,APP处理磷肥吸收利用率增幅最大。通过XRD、FT-IR、和XPS等技术得出APP处理残留物的H2PO4-形态磷酸盐含量占比最高,为36.54%,比DAP处理高出15.0%,这表明施用APP可减少难溶性磷酸盐产生。结果表明,与普通磷酸二铵相比,控失活化磷酸二铵和聚磷酸铵均可显著提高黄瓜产量及磷肥利用率,并可改善品质,其中以聚磷酸铵效果最佳。聚磷酸铵可更有效地减少磷肥固定,提高土壤可溶性正磷酸盐含量,从而保障磷肥持续供应。In order to investigate the effects of different new phosphorus fertilizer varieties on yield,quality and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of,and the optimal new phosphorus fertilizer varieties suitable for facility cucumber were selected to provide theoretical basis for soil-cucumber-new phosphorus fertilizer match-ing.In this study,different new types of phosphorus fertilizer were used in field culture experiment and laboratory culture experiment.Cucumber was taken as the research object,and four treatments were set up:no phosphate fertilizer(CK),common diammonium phosphate(DAP),controlled deactivation diammonium phosphate(LC-DAP),and ammonium polyphosphate(APP).Field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of dif-ferent new phosphorus fertilizers on the quality and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in cucumber.Based on the laboratory culture experiment,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were used to analyze the chemical enhancement mechanism of the phosphorus availability of the new phosphate fertilizer.The results showed that compared with DAP treatment,cucumber yield increased by 18.5%,soluble sugar and vitamin C contents of cucumber in APP treatment in-creased by 33.5%and 16.7%,and nitrate content decreased by 3.7%.Compared with DAP treatment,LC-DAP and APP treatment could significantly increase soil available P content and phosphorus accumulation in cucumber plants(P<0.05),absorption and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 4.7%and 10.9%,and con-tribution rate of phosphate fertilizer increased by 13.6%and 13.4%,respectively.Agricultural utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 170.4%and 172.9%,respectively;and the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 18.3%and 18.5%,respectively.Except for the absorption and utilization of phosphorus fer-tilizer,there was little difference between LC-DAP and APP treatment,and APP treatment had the largest increase in

关 键 词：新型磷肥 磷素转化 黄瓜 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学] S642.206.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]