生长育肥猪糙米消化能和代谢能的测定及预测模型的建立  

Determination and Prediction Model Establishment of Digestible Energy and Metabolizable Energy of Brown Rice for Growing⁃Finishing Pigs

作　　者：欧阳晴 蒋线吉 冯淦熠 刘小杰 田明洲 唐辉 李瑞 尹杰 印遇龙 OUYANG Qing;JIANG Xianji;FENG Ganyi;LIU Xiaojie;TIAN Mingzhou;TANG Hui;LI Rui;YIN Jie;YIN Yulong(Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety,College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process,National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,湖南畜禽安全生产协同创新中心,长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,畜禽养殖污染控制与资源化技术国家工程实验室,动物营养生理与代谢过程湖南省重点实验室,长沙410125

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第8期4976-4987,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300201,2021YFD1301004);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ40532);中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室开放基金项目(ISA2021103)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在测定糙米的理化特性及其对生长育肥猪的消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME),并基于其有效化学成分含量构建糙米对生长育肥猪有效能值的预测模型。试验选用22头健康、体重相近[(50.0±1.7) kg]的“杜×长×大”杂交阉公猪,采用2个11×3的不完全拉丁方设计,分别饲喂1个玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和10个糙米饲粮。试验共3个周期,每期12 d(7 d预饲+5 d粪尿收集)。结果显示:风干状态下,10种糙米的总能(GE)的平均值为15.42 MJ/kg(14.98~15.95 MJ/kg),干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、总磷(TP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、总淀粉(TS)、抗性淀粉(RS)含量的平均值分别为87.39%(86.40%~88.40%)、6.73%(5.34%~8.39%)、1.97%(1.10%~2.77%)、0.92%(0.20%~1.53%)、1.06%(0.87%~1.29%)、0.02%(0.01%~0.03%)、0.17%(0.14%~0.20%)、 5.04%(2.17%~9.58%)、 1.61%(0.74%~2.49%)、 69.08%(56.76%~77.94%)、13.29%(1.08%~20.68%),容积、千粒重和千粒容积的平均值分别为0.76 kg/L(0.73~0.78 kg/L)、 20.53 g/千粒(14.59~25.82 g/千粒)、 25.2 mL/千粒(19.9~32.0 mL/千粒),其中EE、Ca、RS、CF、NDF和ADF含量的变异系数(CV)均大于30%,CP、Ash、TP、TS含量以及千粒重、千粒容积的CV均大于10%。10种糙米对生长育肥猪的DE和ME的平均值分别为14.22(12.45~15.47 MJ/kg)和13.83 MJ/kg(12.37~15.17 MJ/kg);糙米对生长育肥猪的DE和ME的最佳预测方程分别为DE (风干基础,MJ/kg)=-13.149-0.104TS-2.603CF+2.309GE+1.426ADF-53.251Ca[R^(2)=0.96,相对标准差(RSD)=0.27]和ME(风干基础,MJ/kg)=2.194+0.894DE+16.815Ca+0.312EE-0.028TS(R^(2)=0.99,RSD=0.05)。由此可见,糙米的物理特性和化学成分含量变异很大,是造成DE和ME差异的主要原因,其中TS、CF、GE、ADF、Ca和EE含量可以作为生长育肥猪糙米DE和ME的关键预测因子。This study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of brown rice and its digestible ener⁃gy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME)for growing⁃finishing pigs,and to build prediction models of availa⁃ble energy values based on its effective chemical component contents.Twenty⁃two healthy"Duroc×Landrance×Yorkshire"barrows with similar body weight of(50.0+1.7)kg were selected and assigned to a basal diet and 10 brown rice diets according to two 11×3 incomplete Latin square designs.The experiment had 3 periods,and each period included 12 days(7 days of adaptation+5 days of fecal and urine collection).The results showed that on the air⁃dry basis,on average,the brown rice contained 15.42 MJ/kg(14.98 to 15.95 MJ/kg)gross energy(GE),87.39%(86.40%to 88.40%)dry matter(DM),6.73%(5.34%to 8.39%)crude protein(CP),1.97%(1.10%to 2.77%)ether extract(EE),0.92%(0.20%to 1.53%)crude fiber(CF),1.06%(0.87%to 1.29%)crude ash(Ash),0.02%(0.01%to 0.03%)calcium(Ca),0.17%(0.14%to 0.20%)total phosphorus(TP),5.04%(2.17%to 9.58%)neutral detergent fiber(NDF),1.61%(0.74%to 2.49%)acid detergent fiber(ADF),69.08%(56.76%to 77.94%)total starch(TS),13.29%(1.08%to 20.68%)resistant starch(RS),respectively.The volume⁃weight,mass of 1000 grains and volume of 1000 grains of brown rice were 0.76 kg/L(0.73 to 0.78 kg/L),20.53 g/1000 grains(4.59 to 25.82 g/1000 grains)and 25.2 mL/1000 grains(19.9 to 32.0 mL/1000 grains),respectively.The variable coefficients(CV)of EE,Ca,RS,CF,NDF and ADF contents exceeded 30%,and the CV of CP,Ash,TP,TS con⁃tents,1000 grain weight and 1000 grain volume were greater than 10%.The DE and ME for 10 brown rice samples under air⁃dry basis were 14.22 MJ/kg(12.45 to 15.47 MJ/kg)and 13.83 MJ/kg(12.37 to 15.17 MJ/kg),respectively.The best DE and ME prediction equations of brown rice for growing⁃finishing pigs were DE(air⁃dry basis,MJ/kg)=-13.149-0.104TS-2.603CF+2.309GE+1.426ADF-53.251Ca[R2=0.96,relative standard deviation(RSD)=0.27],ME(air⁃dry basis,MJ/kg)=2.194+0.894DE+16.815Ca+0.312EE-0.028TS(R2=0.99,RSD=0

关 键 词：糙米 生长育肥猪 消化能 代谢能 预测模型 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]