饲料蛋白质水平和加工工艺对克氏原螯虾生长性能、消化力和抗氧化性能的影响  

Effects of Dietary Protein Levels and Processing Techniques on the Growth Performance,Digestibility,and Antioxidant Capacity of Red Swamp Crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)

作　　者：郭赛 陈效儒 袁汉文[1] 罗凯[1] 张付贤 陈燚 郜卫华[1] 田娟[2] GUO Sai;CHEN Xiaoru;YUAN Hanwen;LUO Kai;ZHANG Fuxian;CHEN Yan;GAO Weihua;TIAN Juan(Yangtze University,Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Jingzhou 434024,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Tongwei Co.,Ltd.,Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点实验室,湖北荆州434024 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [3]通威股份有限公司水产健康养殖四川省重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第5期90-103,共14页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：湖北省教育厅百校联百县项目(BXLBX0312);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2022XT01);通威股份有限公司产学研合作项目(TW2011259);湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放课题(KFT202003;KFT202102);大学生创新创业训练项目(YZ2021062)共同资助。

摘　　要：为研究不同蛋白质水平和加工工艺饲料对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长性能、消化力和抗氧化能力的影响,本研究采用4个蛋白质水平(28%、30%、32%和36%)和2种加工工艺即膨化饲料(EF)和硬颗粒饲料(PF)的4×2双因素实验设计,进行为期13周的养殖实验。结果显示,蛋白质水平和加工工艺对克氏原螯虾增重率和肝体比有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。主效应结果显示,28%蛋白质可显著提高增重率和特定生长率,EF组的末重和增重率显著高于PF组(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平和加工工艺对肝胰脏的胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性有交互作用(P<0.05)。主效应结果显示,肝胰脏的胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和肠道胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶均在28%蛋白质水平时最高,EF组肝胰脏胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和肠道胰蛋白酶活力高于PF组(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平和加工工艺对肝胰脏的丙二醛和碱性磷酸酶活性有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。主效应结果显示,肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶活性以及血清的碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶均在28%蛋白质水平时最低。PF组肝胰脏丙二醛含量显著低于EF组(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于EF组(P<0.05)。4种模型(Logistic、Gompertz、Von Bertalanffy和Brody)均能很好地模拟克氏原螯虾体重和体长的生长曲线,拟合度均大于0.97,其中,以Logistic模型拟合克氏原螯虾体重和体长最优,且幂函数可以反映体重和体长之间的关系。综上所述,28%蛋白质水平和膨化加工工艺使克氏原螯虾具有最优的生长性能和消化力,28%蛋白质水平的硬颗粒饲料可提高克氏原螯虾的抗氧化能力。The red swamp crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)is the largest freshwater shrimp cultured in China.Protein is a critical factor affecting red swamp crayfish growth performance and feed cost.Too high or too low protein levels in feed negatively affect crustaceans.However,the results of the optimal dietary protein content of red swamp crayfish identified in different studies vary considerably.There are mainly two types of feed for red swamp crayfish on the market:extruded and pellet feed.There have been few reports on the impact of processing technique on red swamp crayfish.Many studies have shown that the growth-promoting effects of extruded and pellet feed on diverse aquatic animals differ considerably.Moreover,there have been few studies on the impact of different protein levels and processing techniques on the growth of aquatic species.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels and processing techniques on the growth performance,digestibility,and antioxidant capacity of red swamp crayfish.The two-factor experiment(4×2)with four different protein levels(28%,30%,32%,and 36%)and two processing techniques(expanded feed[EF]and pellet feed[PF])was conducted for 13 weeks as a feeding trial,aiming to provide theoretical support for optimizing the feed formula and processing technique of red swamp crayfish.The results showed that the protein levels and processing technique significantly influenced the weight gain rate(WGR)and hepatosomatic index of red swamp crayfish(P<0.05).The main effects showed that 28%protein could significantly increase the WGR of red swamp crayfish.The WGR and SGR(specific growth rate)of the EF group were significantly higher than those of the PF group(P<0.05).There was an interaction between the protein level and processing technique and the trypsin and amylase activities in the hepatopancreas of the red swamp crayfish(P<0.05).The activities of trypsin and amylase in the hepatopancreas and intestine were highest,with 28%of dietary protein.Trypsin and amylase activities in

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 蛋白水平 加工工艺 生长曲线 消化力 抗氧化 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]