脉红螺对不同贝类的摄食行为特征研究  

Study on the Behaviors of Rapana venosa Feeding on Different Bivalves

作　　者：徐希震 房景辉[1] 方建光[1] 张志新 蒋增杰[1] 张义涛 王军威 毛玉泽[1] XU Xizhen;FANG Jinghui;FANG Jianguang;ZHANG Zhixin;JIANG Zengjie;ZHANG Yitao;WANG Junwei;MAO Yuze(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071,China;Weihai Aquatic School,Weihai 264300,China;Rongcheng Chudao Aquatic Co.,Ltd,Weihai 264312,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]威海市水产学校,山东威海264300 [3]荣成楮岛水产有限公司,山东威海264312

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第5期193-201,共9页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目(2019YFD0900803);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41876185);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD50)共同资助。

摘　　要：通过模拟自然环境,研究了脉红螺(Rapana venosa)对生境中存在的不同贝类的摄食选择性及其摄食行为过程和摄食节律。在水族箱中投放3种规格的脉红螺和3种规格的四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)和长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)活体饵料,记录3种规格的脉红螺对不同饵料的摄食个数、摄食重量、摄食规格、摄食时间以及摄食行为过程。结果显示,脉红螺对4种贝类均有摄食,其中,不同规格脉红螺对四角蛤蜊的摄食个数及重量显著高于其他贝类(P<0.05),摄食指数超过50%,表现为喜食,对牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔正常摄食,只有大规格脉红螺对紫贻贝有少量摄食。在摄食规格选择方面,3种规格的脉红螺明显喜食较大规格的四角蛤蜊以及小规格的长牡蛎(P<0.05)。大规格脉红螺的摄食率为7.15%,显著小于其他2种规格的脉红螺(小规格:10.98%;中规格:9.64%)。在本实验条件下,脉红螺摄食有明显的周期性,每隔3 d进行摄食活动,摄食时间为20:00~24:00。脉红螺的摄食过程可分为未摄食阶段、搜寻阶段、摄食阶段和摄食结束4个阶段。在摄食过程中,脉红螺主动搜寻贝类,腹足将贝类从沙中移出并包裹,在包裹的同时分泌黏液并将吻从贝壳缝隙伸入,在吸食被消化液分解的贝类软体部分之后潜入沙中或附在水族箱壁。研究表明,在本实验条件下,脉红螺对饵料贝的种类和规格有明显的摄食偏好性,明显喜食四角蛤蜊,极少摄食贻贝,并且其摄食行为具有夜行性和明显的周期性,即每3 d的上半夜进行一次摄食活动。Rapana venosa is primarily distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China,Japan,Korea,and Russia.In the natural sea area,the adult R.Venosa mostly inhabits the sand-mud bottom or the rocky bottom of the low intertidal zone up to 20 meters deep,and the young R.Venosa mostly inhabits the rocks near the coastal line.Its habitats are generally occupied by many other bivalves,such as Crassostrea gigas,Mactra chinensis,and Ruditapes philippinarum.The R.venosa is a large carnivorous Mollusca that mainly feeds on bivalves and other animal carcasses.R.venosa is often classified as an enemy of bivalve farming,but they can also be used to control fouling organisms,and it has potential for application in aquaculture and ocean engineering.In recent years,there have been some reports on the feeding selectivity of R.venosa,the effects of feed,temperature,and individual specifications on feeding,the effects of feed types,specifications,feeding amount,and breeding density on the survival and growth,the feeding preferences to different bivalves and the feeding cycle before and after reproduction.These studies mainly explored the effects of temperature,density,feed types,and specifications on its growth and development.The main purpose of these studies was to select suitable feed types and specifications for the temporary culture and breeding of R.venosa,to improve its growth and development speed,and increase economic benefits under artificial breeding conditions.However,the feeding selection and behavior process of R.venosa under natural conditions are not clear,and the feeding selection of R.venosa to C.gigas,Mytilus edulis and other fouling organisms was not clear under the environmental conditions of multiple bait bivalve habitats.Therefore,in this study,four kinds of bivalves(fixed type,attached type and buried type)were used as bait bivalves to understand the feeding selection.C.gigas and M.edulis are common fouling organisms in the habitat of R.venosa,while M.veneriformis and R.philippinarum are widely distributed in

关 键 词：脉红螺 摄食选择 摄食节律 摄食过程 摄食率 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]