运动调控端粒长度机制与健康促进  

Mechanisms of exercise-regulated telomere length and health promotion

作　　者：亓雨晴 刘晓然[1] Qi Yuqing;Liu Xiaoran(School of Kinesiology and Health,Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院运动科学与健康学院,北京市100191

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2024年第23期3759-3765,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：军科委基础加强计划重点基础研究项目(2020-JCJQ-ZD264-3-1),项目负责人:刘晓然。

摘　　要：背景:随着年龄增长,人体各系统功能逐渐下降,位于染色体末端的端粒随之缩短,导致多种慢性年龄性疾病的发生与发展。作为一种低经济高效益的干预手段,科学运动已被证明可降低端粒磨损速率、维持端粒长度,延缓人体衰老进程与降低疾病发生概率。同时,较好的健康水平对于实现健康老龄化有着重要意义。目的:通过分析端粒与身体素质、整理促进端粒长度缩短与慢性疾病发生的共同不利因素以及端粒长度对心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖及心理疾病等常见慢性病发生与发展的影响调控,梳理端粒在健康促进中的作用。总结运动调控端粒长度的可能调节机制,在此可能调节机制的基础上,以健康促进为目的,探讨端粒在运动调控上述相关慢性疾病中的作用。方法:以“运动,端粒,有氧能力,肌肉力量,衰老”为中文检索词;以“exercise,telomere,Aerobic capacity,Muscle strength,aging”为英文检索词,分别在中国知网、PubMed数据库检索相关文献,对最终纳入的108篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①在身体素质与健康促进方面,人体最大有氧运动能力与肌肉力量的强弱与端粒长度有较强的相关性,长期坚持体育运动可增强身体素质水平以对端粒长度起到维持作用,从而促进人体健康。②在慢性疾病与健康促进方面,端粒长度的异常可促进心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖和心理疾病等部分慢性病的发生,而氧化应激、炎症和端粒酶活性等加速端粒长度的缩短因素亦对上述疾病的发展具有不利影响。③运动对端粒长度的调控具有降低氧化应激与炎症水平、提高端粒酶活性、增强端粒蛋白复合体稳定性的作用,而运动可通过这些调节机制来延缓端粒磨损速率、保持端粒长度一致,从而降低与端粒长度异常有关的心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖及心理疾病等部分慢性病的�BACKGROUND:As we age,the function of various systems in the human body gradually decreases and the telomeres,located at the ends of chromosomes,consequently shorten,leading to the development and progression of various chronic age-related diseases.As a cost-effective intervention,scientific exercise has been shown to reduce the rate of telomere wear,maintain telomere length,delay the aging process and reduce the probability of disease.At the same time,better health level is important for healthy aging.OBJECTIVE:To sort out the role of telomeres in health promotion by analyzing telomere and physical fitness,the common adverse factors of telomere length shortening and chronic disease occurrence,and the influence of telomere length on the regulation of the occurrence and development of common chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease,cancer,diabetes,obesity and mental disease,as well as to summarize the possible regulatory mechanism of exercise regulating telomere length,and to explore the role of telomere in the regulation of exercise on the above-mentioned chronic diseases for the purpose of health promotion.METHODS:The search terms of“exercise,telomere,aerobic capacity,muscle strength,aging”in Chinese and English were used to search the relevant literatures in CNKI and PubMed,respectively.A total of 108 articles were included for final review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In terms of physical fitness and health promotion,there is a strong correlation between the maximum aerobic exercise capacity and muscle strength of the human body and telomere length.Long-term physical exercise can enhance the level of physical fitness to maintain telomere length and promote the heath of the human body.In terms of chronic diseases and health promotion,abnormal telomere length can promote the occurrence of some chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,cancer,diabetes,obesity,and mental diseases,and the factors that accelerate the shortening of telomere length,such as oxidative stress,inflammation,and telomerase activi

关 键 词：运动 端粒 衰老 有氧能力 肌肉力量 调控机制 疾病 健康促进 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R364