象征人类学视阈下“舍巴日”仪式舞蹈文化内涵探究——以龙山县“舍巴日”为例  

Symbolizing the Ritual Dance of Sheba Day From the Anthropologial Perspective

作　　者：熊珊珊 Xiongshanshan(Chaohu University,Anhui Hefei 238000)

机构地区：[1]巢湖学院教师教育学院,安徽合肥238000

出　　处：《中国舞蹈学》2023年第1期254-280,361-363,共30页CHOREOLOGY IN CHINA

摘　　要：湖南省西部龙山县“舍巴日”是土家族特有的民间祭奠仪式,也是融信仰、历史、戏曲、舞蹈及各种表演形式于一身的民族节日。整个仪式分为舍巴祭和舍巴乐两个部分,其中“八宝铜铃舞”“茅古斯舞”“摆手舞”成为“舍巴日”仪式中的重要组成部分,蕴含了土家人的族群记忆,承载着各地土家族的文化认同。但随着社会的发展和民族文化的相互渗透,土家族“舍巴日”仪式中的舞蹈由过去的以祭祀为主要功能的民族宗教仪式转变为集娱乐、表演、祭祀功能于一身的综合性民俗活动。本文以湖南省湘西龙山县洗车河乡“舍巴日”为研究个案,通过拉班舞谱对舍巴日中的仪式舞蹈进行记录,并在动作描述基础上展开力效研究,进而运用人类学家维克多·特纳“阈限”理论对“舍巴日”仪式舞蹈进行人类学阐释,力图揭示出仪式舞蹈背后所承载的内涵。"Sheba Day"in Longshan County in western Hunan Province is a unique folk memorial ceremony of the Tujia people.It is also a national festival integrating belief,history,opera,dance and various forms of performance.The whole ceremony is divided into two parts:Sheba Ceremony and Sheba music,among which"Eight treasures bronze bell dance","Maogu dance"and"waving dance"have become important parts of the Sheba Day ceremony,which contains the ethnic memory of Tujia people and carries the cultural identity of Tujia people.However,with the development of society and the interpenetration of ethnic culture,the dance in the ritual of"Sheba Day"of Tujia people has changed from the function of religious sacrifice in the past to a comprehensive ritual activity of entertainment,performance and sacrifice.In Hunan province Longshan county car wash river township"sheba day"as the research object,through Laban dance spectrum of sheba day ritual dance for spectrum,then force effect in action description based on the study of sheba day"ritual dance to make cultural interpretation,tries to reveal the dance behind conveys cultural connotation,and combine anthropologist victor Turner"threshold"theory"of How ritual dance enhances national cultural identity and national cohesion is explained by anthropology.

关 键 词：舍巴日 力效 阈限 文化认同 三维互渗 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]