农村集体成员与集体成员关系的规范分析与司法裁判  

Normative Analysis and Judicial Adjudication of the Relationship Among Rural Collective Members

作　　者：申惠文[1,2] Shen Huiwen

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院 [2]郑州大学私法研究中心

出　　处：《中州学刊》2023年第9期64-73,共10页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代中国特色土地管理法律制度完善研究”(18ZDA152)。

摘　　要：对集体成员资格的认定,不应采用构成要件理论,而应采用动态系统理论,给司法裁判更大的灵活性。集体土地所有权行使中的集体成员与集体成员关系,可以参照适用《民法典》按份共有的相关规定。集体成员等额享有集体土地权益,也可以基于章程、决议或者法律规定的不同事由而份额有所不同。有些家庭成员并不是集体成员,也不是农村承包经营户的成员或宅基地使用户的成员。第二轮土地承包时农户内的集体成员,按份享有土地承包经营权。向集体申请宅基地时或宅基地确权发证时农户内的集体成员,按份享有宅基地使用权。集体成员流转承包地、宅基地时,同一集体的其他成员享有同等条件下的优先权。司法裁判应当积极回应改革政策,非同一集体的成员之间转让土地承包经营权和宅基地使用权,合同并不当然无效。The identification of collective membership should be based on dynamic system theory rather than constitutive element theory,providing greater flexibility for judicial decisions.Under certain conditions,the relationship among collective members in the exercise of collective land ownership can refer to the relevant provisions on co-ownership by shares in the Civil Code.Collective members enjoy equal rights to collective land rights,and their shares may vary based on different reasons stipulated in the articles of association,resolutions,or laws.Some family members are not the members of collectives,nor are they members of rural contracting households or users of homesteads.The collective members who are in a peasant household during the second round of land contracting shall enjoy the right to use the contracted land by shares.And the collective members who are in a peasant household at the time of applying to the collective for the house site or issuing the certificate of the house site rights shall enjoy the right to use the house site by shares.When a collective member transfers the contracted land or the house site,other members of the same collective shall enjoy the priority under the same conditions.Judicial adjudication should actively respond to reform policies.The transfer of land contract management rights and homestead use rights among members of different collectives does not necessarily result in invalid contracts.

关 键 词：集体成员 按份共有 农村承包经营户 宅基地使用户 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]