电阻热噪声测量玻尔兹曼常量的教学探索  

Teaching practice of Johnson noise measurement on Boltzmann constant determination

作　　者：李佳明 申玉宽 张浩毅 王媛 何振辉 LI Jiaming;SHEN Yukuan;ZHANG Haoyi;WANG Yuan;HE Zhenhui(School of Physics and Astronomy,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学物理与天文学院,广东珠海519082

出　　处：《物理实验》2023年第8期29-35,共7页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：2022高等学校教学研究项目(No.DWJZW202238zn)。

摘　　要：玻尔兹曼常量是连接微观热运动与宏观物理现象和规律的重要物理量,基于电阻热噪声的玻尔兹曼常量测量实验可应用于大学物理实验教学.本文利用锁相放大器OE1022,设计了电磁屏蔽更好的样品盒,可以在室温至液氮温度间测量热噪声,托展了宽频谱段的测量,展现电阻热噪声的特性,并计算出玻尔兹曼常量.对2个年级采用不同的实验方案进行教学,为有限课时内多人参与的实验室环境下测量玻尔兹曼常量提供教学参考.Boltzmann constant is an important physical constant bridging the micro thermal motion and macro physical phenomena and laws,and Boltzmann constant measurement experiment based on Johnson noise can be applied to university physics experiment teaching.By developing a sample box with better electromagnetic shielding that make possible measurement of Johnson noise from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature,the OE1022 lock-in amplifiers was used to measure the Johnson noise in a wide frequency spectrum,exhibit the characteristics of the Johnson noise,and obtain the Boltzmann constant.The different experimental schemes were adopted for the teaching of the two grades,which offered the references to Boltzmann constant measurement in the cases of limited class hours and being performed by more students.

关 键 词：玻尔兹曼常量 电阻热噪声 锁相放大器 遥测 

分 类 号：G642.423[文化科学—高等教育学] O414.1[文化科学—教育学]