饲料中添加美洲大蠊粉对虹鳟幼鱼消化道组织学及微生物群落的影响  

Effects of dietary supplementation of American cockroach Periplaneta americana meal on the gut histology and microflora of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

作　　者：顾牙焕 陈荔 赵成法 李榴佳 龙晓文 GU Yahuan;CHEN Li;ZHAO Chengfa;LI Liujia;LONG Xiaowen(College of Agriculture and Biological Science,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan Province 671003,China;East Himalaya Research Institute,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan Province 671003,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理671003 [2]大理大学东喜马拉雅研究院,云南大理671003

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第17期72-80,共9页China Feed

基　　金：大理大学博士科研启动费项目(KYBS2021064);云南省基础研究计划项目-面上项目(202101AT070028)。

摘　　要：为研究饲料中添加美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)粉对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼消化道组织学和肠道微生物群落的影响,在饲料中分别添加10%、15%、20%、25%和30%的美洲大蠊粉,配制5种等氮等能饲料(分别记为1#~5#);选取初始体质量为3 g左右的虹鳟幼鱼300尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼,对虹鳟幼鱼进行为期42 d的养殖试验。结果显示:(1)幽门垂和中肠的隐窝深度随美洲大蠊粉添加比例的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,均在5#组最低,较对照组分别降低1.02%和6.26%;(2)在科的水平下,各组肠道内容物的优势菌群均为绒毛杆菌科(Muribaculaceae)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)和气单胞菌科(Aeromonadaceae);在属的水平下,1#和3#组肠道内容物的优势菌属为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)和微小金杆菌属(Aurantimicrobium),其余三组的优势菌属为气单胞菌属;(3)操作分类单元(OTU)数量随美洲大蠊粉添加比例的升高而上升,但各组差异不显著。研究表明,饲料中添加30%美洲大蠊粉可改善虹鳟幼鱼肠道的消化吸收功能,且对肠道菌群结构无负面影响。To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of American cockroach Periplaneta americana meal(PAM)on the gut histology and microflora of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss,five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 10%,15%,20%,25%and 30%PAM(defined as Diet 1~Diet 5),respectively.Three hundred juvenile O.mykiss with an initial body weight of about 3 g were selected,randomly divided into 5 groups,each group had 3 replicates,20 fish per replicate,and the feeding trial was conducted for 42 days.The results were as follows:(1)The crypt depth of pyloric pendant and midgut showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of dietary PAM levels,and the lowest values were detected in the Diet 5,which were decreased by 1.02%and 6.26%compared with the control group,respectively.(2)At the family level,the dominant flora in the intestinal contents of juvenile O.mykiss were mainly Muribaculaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Aeromonadaceae;at the genus level,the dominant bacteria in the intestinal contents of the Diet 1 and Diet 3 were Aeromonas and Aurantimicrobium,while the dominant bacteria in the intestinal contents of the other three diet group was Aeromonas.(3)The total number of operational taxonomic unit(OUT)increased with the increasing dietary PAM levels,but there was no significant difference between the groups.These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 30%PAM improved the digestive and absorption function of the gut in juvenile O.mykiss,and had no negative effect on the intestinal flora.

关 键 词：美洲大蠊 虹鳟幼鱼 消化道组织学 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]