跨国文献学的考据与历史比较语言学的视域——为比较文学法国学派影响研究翻案  

A Textual Research in Transnational Philology and the Perspective of Historical Comparative Linguistics——Reversing the Verdict for"Influence Study"of the French School

作　　者：杨乃乔 Yang Naiqiao

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学外国语学院,福州350007

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期53-71,221,共20页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：两百多年前,三位法国学者提出"比较文学"这一术语,为国际学界制造了一个充满争议性的语言陷阱。1958年9月,美国学者雷纳·韦勒克在教堂山举行的国际比较文学协会第二届大会上,对法国学派影响研究进行了批评,引发了西方比较文学界关于比较文学危机的大讨论,从而也宣示了美国学派平行研究的崛起。然而由于平行研究无限制地扩大了比较文学的边界,导致其边界的消失,反而给国际比较文学与当代中国比较文学带来了更大的危机。法国学派以历史比较语言学为影响研究的视域,崇尚实证性的跨国文献考据,其恰然是疗救当代中国比较文学危机症候的一门厚重学问。法国学派影响研究在学理观念上不仅受孔德的实证主义哲学影响,1821年路易十八世即授命建立了巴黎文献学院,对文献档案的重视其本源就是法国历史长久以来的深厚学术传统。胡适、陈寅恪、季羡林、范存忠与严绍璗在历史比较语言学的视域下从事跨国文献考据的实证研究为当代中国比较文学界提供了典范案例。More than 200 years ago,three French scholars proposed the term comparative literature,which created a controversial language trap for the international academia.In September 1958,American scholar RenéWellek criticized the method of influence study adopted by scholars of the French School at the second triannual congress of the International Comparative Literature Association held in Chapel Hill,which triggered a severe discussion on the crisis of comparative literature in the western comparative literature academia,and at the same time,also indicated the rise of parallel study adopted by scholars of the American School.However,since parallel study had so expanded a boundary of comparative studies without limit that the boundary disappears,it reversely brought greater crisis to international comparative literature and contemporary China's comparative literature.The French School,taking historical comparative linguistics as the perspective of influence studies and advocating empirical transnational textual research of literature,was exactly a profound learning to cure the crisis syndrome of contemporary China's comparative literature.In terms of its theoretical notion,the influence study adopted by scholars of the French School was not only influenced by the positivistic philosophy of Comte,Louis XVIlI commissioned the establishment of Ecole nationale des chartes early in 1821,but also the emphasis on literature and archives could be traced to the rich academic tradition long in French history.Hu Shi,Chen Yin-ko,Ji Xianlin,Fan Cunzhong,and Yan Shaodang all engaged in empirical studies on transnational literature textual analysis from the perspective of comparative philology,which provided a model for contemporary China's comparative literature studies.

关 键 词：比较文学 法国学派 影响研究 跨国文献考据 历史比较语言学 

分 类 号：I0-03[文学—文学理论] H0-05[语言文字—语言学]