走向语言之寂静的反意象思维——对《庄子》话语解构策略的现象学考察  

Anti-imagery Thinking Towards the Silence of Language——A Phenomenological Study on the Discourse Deconstructive Strategy of Zhuangzi

作　　者：何光顺 He Guangshun

机构地区：[1]四川大学古籍研究所,成都610065 [2]广东岭南职业技术学院马克思主义学院,广州511510

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期167-176,225,共11页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"从物化到物感的中华美学时空思维结构演进研究"(18BZX136)。

摘　　要：中国古典美学的意象思维传统在当代学界尤其得到关注,但另外一条源自老子、庄子的反意象思维传统,却同样不当被忽略。从《庄子》文本来看,庄子的反意象思维,主要是通过"三言"(寓言、重言、卮言)的话语否定与解构策略来实现的。这种反意象思维可以在现象学维度作出四个层次的考察:一是"至人"或"真人"是反意象思维的主体,其借助语言否定策略以消解形象和意象的感官声色所造成的障碍,以达到"用心若镜"的自由生命状态;二是这种否定语言与意象的解构策略指向的是"超以象外"和"不落言诠"的本质之象和本质之言,也即"天籁";三是从"天籁"再进入更高的否定,即"听乎无声"的"寂静"意识,它将形象、意象、声象等都予以否定,从而进入一种幽暗和澄明混合的具有源发性的内在生命的矛盾共生状态;四是反意象的话语解构策略,有助于打破工具语言或功利语言的疆域化弊端,以回到生命的混沌之乡,"混沌"即成为反意象的艺象。这种"艺象"即可以看作是借助语言或话语解构策略所指向的无心、无形、无声的大象,是一种现象学式的本质还原,它于"寂静"和"无声"中开显生命的原意识。The tradition of imagery thinking in classical Chinese aesthetics received particular attention in contemporary academia,but another tradition of anti-imagery thinking originating from Laozi and Zhuangzi should not be ignored.Judging from Zhuangzi,Zhuangzi's anti-imagery thinking is mainly realized through the discourse negation and deconstructive strategy of"three words"(allegory,tautology,and randomness).Such anti-imagery thinking can be examined at four levels from the phenomenological dimension.Firstly,"an extraordinary person"or"the actual person"is the principal part of anti-imagery thinking,which uses language negation strategy to dissolve the obstacles caused by the sensory sounds of images,in order to achieve a free state of life,in which"the mind is like a mirror".Secondly,the deconstructive strategy of negating language and imagery points to the essential image and essential speech of"beyond the imagery"and"no literal interpretation"',namely,"sounds of nature".The third is to enter a higher negation from the"sounds of nature",that is,the silent consciousness of"hearing without sound",which negates the image,sound image and so on,thus entering a state of contradictory symbiosis state of primitive inner life,mixed with darkness and clarity.Fourthly,the discourse deconstructive strategy of anti-imagery helps to break the territorialization drawbacks of instrumental or utilitarian language,so as to return to the chaotic land of life,and"chaos"becomes the artistic image of anti-imagery.By means of the strategy of language or discursive deconstruction,this kind of"artistic image"can be regarded as mindless,invisible and silent image.It is a phenomenological reduction of essence and it reveals the original consciousness of life in"silence""

关 键 词：《庄子》 寂静意识 反意象思维 话语解构 现象学 艺象 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学] I01[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B223.5