通过法律改善社会道德  

Improving Social Morality by Means of Law

作　　者：谢小瑶[1,2] Xie Xiaoyao

机构地区：[1]宁波大学法学院,宁波315211 [2]宁波大学宁波立法研究院,宁波315211

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期190-209,225,226,共22页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2023年宁波立法研究院重大项目"地方立法的宁波经验及样本"(LRI2023ZD02)。

摘　　要：在道德的法律强制温和立场下,社会道德是法律强制的具体指向。由于社会道德存在可错性,当人们以它为指引来组织、协调行动时,必然陷入争议性、流动性与独断性的道德缺陷。是故,作为共享规划的法律必然替代并改善社会道德。立足功利主义、合法律性、"合一论"三种视角虽进行质疑,但无法对该判断构成根本性挑战。在可能性维度上,法律通过改变社会道德的社会事实、改造道德评判/规范原则、影响公众态度与观念等方式来改善社会道德;反对者因未关注核心道德的历时性变化,对错误行为严重性以及刑法介入道德范围的误解并不能否认法律事实上改善社会道德的能力。针对性社会道德的同意难题,法律通过廓清语义、条件设置与关联性制度安排加以改善,使它更加契合人们对性理想道德吁求。尽管法律改善社会道德旨在追求共同善,然它面临价值多元性选择困境。对此,藉由行动主体——德性公民的能力培育,在深层次上发展共同善的内核。Social morality is the specific direction of legal enforcement of morality.On account of the fallibility of social morality,when people use it as a guide to organize and coordinate actions,they will inevitably fall into the moral defects of controversy,mobility and arbitrariness.Therefore,the law as a shared plan will inevitably replace and improve social morality.From the perspective of the opposition,due to its difficulty in explaining the majority for utilitarianism,the narrow understanding of legality in the application of law,and the neglect of the internal morality of law in the theory of unity,thus it cannot constitute a fundamental challenge to this judgment.In terms of possibility,the law improves social morality by changing the social facts of social morality,reforming the principles of moral judgments/norms,and influencing public attitudes and perceptions;because the opponents do not pay attention to the diachronic changes of core morality,their misunderstanding of the severity of wrongdoing and the scope of criminal law's involvement in morality cannot deny the ability of law to actually improve social morality.Aiming at the conundrum of consent in sexual social morality,the law can be improved by clarifying semantics,setting conditions and other relevant institutional arrangements,so as to make it more in line with people's appeal and demands for sexual ideal morality.Although the purpose of law to improve social morality is to pursue common good,it is faced with the dilemma of value diversity.In this regard,the core of common good will be developed at a deep level through cultivating the ability of virtuous citizen of the action subject.

关 键 词：社会道德 社会道德的可错性 共享规划的法律 理想道德 共同善 

分 类 号：D90-052[政治法律—法学理论]