契理契机:佛教中国化的内在机理  

Qili Qiji:The Inner Mechanics of the Chinesisation of Buddhism

作　　者：俞学明[1] YU Xue-ming

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学,北京100088

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第2期24-29,共6页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：“佛教中国化”是国际学界共同打造的关于文明互动、宗教传播、文化交流互鉴的一个研究范式,也是解读佛教与中国文化之间关系的一把钥匙。“契理契机”本来是中国佛教界在解释“修多罗”(契经)译名时,以众生根性为基础解释教化方式差异性的理由,后来成为理解佛教中国化的内在理路。作为不同文明相遇、宗教本土化的成功案例,“佛教中国化”首先是佛教界自身的任务,需实现“佛教认同”和“中国认同”,前者是“契佛教之理”,后者有两层涵义:一则通过契合“此时”“此地”“此人”“此境”的“契中国之机”,达成佛教在中国的四化——时代化、本土化、特色化、处境化;二则顺应中国的治理体系,实现佛教与中国治道的兼容。“佛教中国化”是求同存异,但不是简单的求与中华文化之“同”,也不是简单的凸显与中华文化之“异”,而是打通同异,在保留佛教特质(契理)的同时,形成与中华文化(契机)相容、互益的中国佛教形式,因而需要完成三个任务:其一,从历史上看,来自异域的佛教,与中华文明已有的核心元素和根本特征相容和生;其二,佛教融入中国文化,在中国文化体系中有自己独特的地位和功能,能进入并成为中华文明的整体构成;其三,佛教需与与时俱进的中国文化保持基本同步的发展节奏。“契理契机”是佛教中国化的内在机理,也是佛教实现时代转型的基本原则。The Chinesisation of Buddhism,a research paradigm for the study of the spread of religion and cultural communication,is popular among the international academic circles.Qili Qiji,which can be interpreted as"taking advantage of the opportunities in the social development in line with the Buddha's teachings",becomes an inner mechanism to understand the transformation of Buddhism in China.It's a task for Buddhists,and it requires to construct not only Buddhist Identity but also Chinese Identity.To construct Buddhist Identity means to develop Buddhism in line with Buddha's teachings,while to construct Chinese Identity is to take advantage of the opportunities in the modernization,localization,specialization,contextualization,and to conform with the Chinese governance system.Thus,there are three tasks of the promotion of Buddhism.First,the development of Buddhism should not go against the core and the basic Chinese characteristic.Second,it is significant for Buddhism to become a part of Chinese culture.Third,the development of Buddhism should try to keep pace with the Times.

关 键 词：佛教中国化 宗教中国化 契理契机 中国佛教 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]