全面抗战时期西北茶荒及困境与张力  

The Tea Shortage in Northwest China during the Nationwide War of Resistance and Its Predicament and Tension

作　　者：马明臣 MA Ming-chen

机构地区：[1]吉林大学,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第2期214-220,共7页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：用友公益基金会资助重点项目“清代至民国西北商业资料整理与研究”(批准号:2018Z06)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全面抗战时期西北出现的茶荒是因茶叶供应危机和需求攀升合力所致。茶荒伊始,甘肃地方采取的筹运举措收到较好效果,继之,受生活必需品短缺影响,又转而实行“以茶换货”的物资调剂政策,与之相伴随的限制茶叶流通、维持较高茶叶易货率等办法的实行,加剧了茶荒蔓延。而国民政府放松茶销、减轻税费、推进产销等驱策民营茶厂和国营中茶公司进入西北市场,带动了茶叶产量与供应的增加。凡此因应,又受到甘肃地方统制,对苏易货,战局变化及央、地矛盾等因素限制,终未使茶荒局面扭转,揭示出这一时期央、地、官、商间的张力,且对战后西北茶叶贸易产生深远影响。The tea shortage in northwest China during the Nationwide War of Resistance was caused by the combined force of tea supply crisis and rising demand.At the beginning,the preparation and transportation measures taken by Gansu Province have achieved good results.Then,affected by the shortage of necessities,they turned to the material adjustment policy of"exchanging tea for goods".The accompanying measures of restricting tea circulation,maintaining a high tea barter rate and other measures intensified the spread of the tea shortage.However,the Kuomintang authorities relaxed tea sales,reduced taxes,and promoted production and marketing,which drove private tea plants and state-owned the China Tea Co to enter the northwest market,driving the increase of tea production and supply.This response was also limited by such factors as the control of Gansu Province,barter with the Soviet Union,changes in the war situation,and the contradiction between the central government and the local government,which ultimately did not reverse the situation of tea shortage,revealing the tension between the central government,the local government,the officials,and the merchants during this period,and had a profound impact on the tea trade in northwest China after the war.

关 键 词：全面抗战时期 西北茶荒 砖茶 统制经济 张力 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]