权利失衡:土地流转中“三权分置”的异化实践及其破解  

Imbalance of Rights:Alienation Practices of the“Tripartite Entitlement System”in Land Transfer and Its Solution

作　　者：杜姣 DU Jiao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2023年第7期29-38,共10页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“乡村振兴战略背景下乡村治理中的精英流失及其应对机制构建研究”(编号:19CSH007)。

摘　　要：“三权分置”制度是在农村人地分离背景下进一步稳定承包权、放活经营权,推动土地流转,实现规模经营和农业现代化的重要制度创新。我国部分地区在正式的“三权分置”制度出台之前就已展开“三权分置”的探索,对这部分地区“三权分置”实践状况进行研究,有助于推动“三权分置”制度的进一步完善和良性运转。本文发现,“三权分置”出现了实践异化,体现为以所有权主体绝对责任化、承包权主体绝对权利化和经营权主体权利弱化为表现形式的“三权”主体权利的失衡,隐含着巨大的社会风险和政治稳定风险。“三权分置”的理想效能没有得到充分发挥。土地流转性质的政治化是形成“三权”主体权利失衡秩序的主要原因。要破解“三权”主体权利失衡困境,应将土地流转性质去政治化,使土地流转关系还原为土地承包权主体与土地经营权主体之间以市场原则为基础的相对独立和平等的合作与谈判关系,构建土地流转的市场化秩序。Under the background of the separation of people and land in rural areas,the tripartite entitlement system is an important institutional innovation to further stabilize the contract right,activate the management right,promote land transfer,and realize scale operation and agricultural modernization.In some areas of China,the exploration of tripartite entitlement has been carried out before its formal system is introduced.The studies on the practice of tripartite entitlement in these areas will promote the further improvement and benign operation of the tripartite entitlement system.It is found that,the tripartite entitlement system has appeared practical alienation,which is reflected in the imbalance of the“three rights”in the form of absolute responsibility of the ownership entity,absolute right of the contracting right entity and weakening of the rights of the management right entity,which implies huge social risks and political stability risks.The ideal efficiency of tripartite entitlement has not been fully used.The politicization of land transfer is the main reason for the imbalance of the three rights.In order to solve the imbalance of the rights of the“three rights”entity,we should depoliticize the nature of land transfer,restore the relationship of land transfer to a relatively independent,and balance cooperation and negotiation relationship between the entity of land contract right and the entity of land management right based on market principles,and build a market-oriented order of land transfer.

关 键 词：三权分置 土地流转 异化 权利失衡 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]