基于双层规划的水利枢纽通航拥堵收费机制研究  

Research on Navigation Congestion Charging Mechanism of Hydro-junction Based on Bi-level Programming

作　　者：赵旭[1] 尹熙琛 高攀[1] 胡斌[2] Zhao Xu;Yin Xichen;Gao Pana;Hu Bin(School of Economics and Management,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002;School of Management,Huazhong University of Science&Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学经济与管理学院,宜昌443002 [2]华中科技大学管理学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《管理评论》2023年第6期288-300,共13页Management Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA089);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004116)。

摘　　要：针对水利枢纽通航拥堵问题,探讨了引入拥堵收费机制的通航改善策略。首先,在考虑过坝方式异质性的条件下,通过建立过坝成本函数来反映船舶在过坝时段及方式上的转移规律,并据此分析了缓解通航拥堵的关键船舶类型。其次,采用双层规划模型,以过坝系统总成本与船舶经济-环境成本为上下层优化目标,探寻了通航建筑物收费和翻坝运输降费的协同机制。最后,以三峡工程为例进行分析。结果表明:高载货量船舶是导致通航拥堵的主要船型,引入收费机制能显著改善通航拥堵状况,但会增加过坝系统的总成本;翻坝运输可以弥补大坝通过能力的不足,却无法在特定时段上缓解通航拥堵;实施翻坝公路降费与拥堵收费的协同策略,能在增加通航效率的情形下进一步控制总成本,但降费幅度要与其通过能力相匹配。Aiming at the problem of traffic congestion in hydro-junction,a navigation improvement strategy that introduces a congestion charging mechanism is discussed.First of all,considering the heterogeneity of dam-passing methods,a dam-passing cost function is es-tablished to reflect the transfer patterns of ship passing periods and methods,and based on this,an analysis is made to find what types of ships are the key to alleviating traffic congestion.Secondly,a bi-level programming model is adopted,with the total cost of the dam-pass-ing system and the economic and environmental costs of the ship as the upper and lower optimization targets.The synergistic mechanism of charging for navigable buildings and reducing transportation costs for crossing-dam is explored.Finally,the Three Gorges Project is taken as an example for analysis.The results show that traffic congestion is caused mainly by ships with high cargo capacity,so introdu-cing a toll mechanism can significantly alleviate the traffic congestion,but this will result in an increase in the total cost of the dam-pass-ing system.Crossing-dam transportation can make up for the lack of capacity of the dam,but cannot alleviate the traffic congestion in a certain period of time.The implementation of the coordinated strategy of crossing-dam highway toll reduction and congestion tolling can further control the total cost while increasing navigation efficiency,but the rate of fare reduction must match the passing capacity.

关 键 词：拥堵收费 通航建筑物 翻坝运输 双层规划 

分 类 号：F552[经济管理—产业经济]