刑事诉讼中警察现场执法视频证据预设功能及其实现  

The preset function of the on-site enforcement of law video evidence in criminal proceedings and its realization

作　　者：潘鑫 Pan Xin(law school of Sichuan Unibversity,Chengdu,610207)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,成都610207

出　　处：《证据科学》2023年第3期315-326,共12页Evidence Science

基　　金：四川大学专职博士后研发基金“袭警行为的产生及若干问题研究”(SKBSH202-02)阶段性研究成果;2022年四川省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“基层员额法官司法责任制改革实证研究”(JCSF2022-14)阶段性资助成果;四川网络文化研究中心2022年度课题“电信网络诈骗犯罪应对机制研究”(WLWH22-23)阶段性资助成果。

摘　　要：警察执法记录仪的普及运用使得现场执法视频证据在刑事诉讼中的作用变得不容忽视。现场执法视频证据在直接或间接证明案件事实时具有独特优势,在证明案发经过、现场讯问、现场询问、搜查、扣押、辨认等程序环节也能发挥不可替代的功能。然而,我国司法长期依赖书面化文字材料,使得现场执法视频大多被转化为笔录材料,其独特证明功能难以得到有效发挥。此外,由于视频证据形成的封闭性,侦、诉机关几乎能够垄断或排他性地使用现场执法视频证据,刑事被追诉人及其辩护律师无法据此证明取证程序的违法性。未来应在证据生成和流转的环节有意识地加强对现场执法视频证据的运用,分类确定现场执法视频证据功能指引与原件移送、展示的相关使用规则,充分发挥现场执法视频的独特功能。同时,打破侦、诉机关对该证据的垄断使用,建构现场执法强制录音录像制度及相应地程序制裁措施,尝试现场执法直播,重视执法视频形成中的社会监督作用,赋予辩护律师申请查阅与复制现场执法视频证据的权利。The widespread application of body worn cameras makes the on-site enforcement of law video evidence plays an unignorable role in criminal proceedings.On-site enforcement of law video evidence not only has unique advantages in directly or indirectly proving the facts of the case,but also plays an irreplaceable role in proving the commission of a crime,an on-site interrogation,an on-site inquiry,a search,a seizure,and a lineup.Unfortunately,due to the judiciary's long reliance on written materials,on-site enforcement of law videos are always converted into case transcripts,and its unique proof function is hard to effectively play.Also,due to the exclusive perspective applied in the generation of such video evidence,the investigation department and prosecutor's office can almost monopolistically or exclusively use on-site enforcement of law videos.This makes it impossible for the criminal defendants and their counsels to prove the illegality of the evidence collection process.In the future,on-site enforcement of law videos should be used more in evidence generation and circulation.Guidelines on the evidentiary function of the on-site enforcement of law video evidence and rules concerning the transfer and demonstration of the originals of evidence should be established respectively,in order to give the unique function of the on-site enforcement of law videos the full play.Efforts should also be made to stop the investigation department's and prosecutor's office's monopolistic use of such video evidence,establish the system of compulsory audio and video recording of the on-site enforcement of law and the procedural sanctions,realize the live broadcasting of the on-site enforcement of law,give special importance to the role of the on-site enforcement of law videos in social supervision,and enhance the defense counsels' right to access and reproduce the on-site enforcement of law video evidence.

关 键 词：现场执法视频 录音录像 视频证据 证据功能 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]