大型锻件应力场分析计算的新方法及应用  

New Method and Application of Stress Field Calculation for Large Forgings

作　　者：任杰[1,2] 葛苏 郭宝峰 金淼[1] REN Jie;GE Su;GUO Baofeng;JIN Miao(Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging&Stamping Technology and Science,Ministry of Education of China,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004;College of Vocational Education,Shanghai Dianji University,Shanghai 200240;School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Control Engineering,Shanghai Polytechnic University,Shanghai 201209)

机构地区：[1]先进锻压成形技术与科学教育部重点实验室(燕山大学),秦皇岛066004 [2]上海电机学院高职学院,上海200240 [3]上海第二工业大学智能制造与控制工程学院,上海201209

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第14期106-115,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX04010082);高技术船舶科研和上海多向模锻工程技术研究中心(20DZ2253200)资助项目。

摘　　要：大型锻件是高端装备制造业的基础,锻造生产过程中,准确掌握坯料内部应力场分布是十分必要的。大型锻件的锻造变形接近于理想刚塑性材料的变形模型,缺少应力球张量与变形球张量的关系,计算其内部应力场的方法,只能按应力求解。针对计算大型锻件内部应力场中所遇到的理论和方法两方面的困难,在提出静力平衡应力场概念的基础上,建立了刚塑性材料扩展的第二变分原理,并给出了详细证明。应用此变分原理计算应力场,由于预设静力平衡应力场容易,不仅便于解析计算分析,而且也便于刚塑性有限元法的加载。采用该变分原理求解了DSF法锻造中锻件内部的应力场,计算结果给出了DSF法锻造的工艺规律,为防止和消除大型锻件内部缺陷提供了理论依据。算例的求解过程体现了刚塑性材料扩展的第二变分原理在解析计算应力场中的优越性。Large forgings are the basis of high-end equipment manufacturing industry.In the forging process,it is necessary to accurately grasp the distribution of stress field inside the blank.The forging deformation of large forgings is close to the theoretical ideal rigid-plastic material deformation model,and the relationship between the stress sphere tensor and the deformation sphere tensor is lacking.The method of calculating the internal stress field can only be solved according to the stress.In view of the theoretical and methodological difficulties in calculating the internal stress field of large forgings,based on the concept of static equilibrium stress field,the expansion second variational principle of rigid-plastic material is established and proved in detail.Applying this variational principle to calculate the stress field,due to the ease of preset static equilibrium stress field,it is not only convenient for analytical calculation and analysis,but also for loading of rigid plastic finite element method.This variational principle is used to solve the stress field inside the forging in DSF forging,and the calculation results give the technological rules in DSF forging,which provides a theoretical basis for preventing and eliminating the internal defects of large forgings.The solving process of the example reflects the superiority of the expansion second variational principle of rigid-plastic material in the analytical calculation of stress fields.

关 键 词：大型锻件 内部应力场 刚-塑性材料 变分原理 DSF法锻造 

分 类 号：TG316[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]