纳米银和典型农药对斜生栅藻的联合毒性及机制初探  

Preliminary study on combined toxicity and mechanism of silver nanoparticle and typical pesticides to Scenedesmus obliquus

作　　者：沈洪艳[1,2] 张勇文 孙士丞 孙昊宇 SHEN Hongyan;ZHANG Yongwen;SUN Shicheng;SUN Haoyu(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering(MOE),Ministry of Education,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,石家庄050018 [2]河北省药物分子化学重点实验室,石家庄050018 [3]上海大学环境与化学工程学院,有机复合污染控制工程教育部重点实验室,上海200444

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第8期2949-2957,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22006116);开放课题基金项目(ZXJJ20210404)。

摘　　要：新型抗菌剂纳米银(Silver Nanoparticle,AgNP)与农药被大量生产和应用,并可通过不同途径进入水环境,存在共存的可能。为探究AgNP与典型农药对水生生物的联合暴露风险,测定了AgNP与3种有机磷杀虫剂(毒死蜱、丙溴磷、敌百虫)及3种三嗪类除草剂(扑草净、扑灭通、西草净)对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的单一及联合毒性。结果显示,3类受试物的单一及混合体系均诱导斜生栅藻产生了低促高抑的毒物兴奋(Hormesis)效应,其中单一体系对斜生栅藻的最大促进率在11.0%~37.0%,混合体系最大促进率在4.9%~16.7%。机制分析表明,产生Hormesis效应与细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)水平的阶段性上升有关,ROS水平小幅上升对藻细胞生长有促进作用,ROS水平大幅上升对藻细胞生长有抑制作用。使用独立作用模型判定“AgNP+有机磷杀虫剂”和“AgNP+三嗪类除草剂”混合体系的联合毒性作用模式均表现为随暴露体系浓度升高由协同转为拮抗。混合物在低浓度时,各组分均促进细胞内ROS水平上升且相较于单一体系上升幅度更大,细胞内ROS水平已超过可产生最大促进效应时的ROS水平,导致相应的促进作用减小,联合作用模式表现为协同;在高浓度时,AgNP释放的Ag+快速进入藻细胞并抑制跨膜运输,可能导致三嗪类除草剂和有机磷杀虫剂进入细胞的量减少,联合作用模式表现为拮抗。本文系统阐明了AgNP和多种农药单一、混合体系时对水生生态系统初级生产者的毒性效应,可为污染物环境风险评价提供数据基础和理论依据。The new antibacterial agent nano silver(AgNP)and pesticide are produced and applied in large quantities and can enter the water environment in different ways and there is a possibility of coexistence.To explore the combined exposure risk of AgNP and typical pesticides,the single toxicity and combined toxicity of AgNP,three Organophosphorus Insecticides(Chlorpyrifos,Profenofos,and Trichlorfon)and three Triazine Herbicides(Prometryn,Prometon,and Simetryn)to Scenedesmus obliquus are determined.The results show that the single and mixed systems of the three kinds of test substances induced the Hormesis effect of S.obliquus,which shows synergism at low concentrations and antagonism at high concentrations.The maximum promotion rate of the single system to S.obliquus is between 11.0%and 37.0%,and the maximum promotion rate of the mixed system is between 4.9%and 16.7%.Mechanism analysis shows that the production of the Hormesis effect is related to the periodic rise of intracellular ROS levels.A small rise in ROS level could promote cells,and a large rise in ROS level could inhibit cells.The independent action model is used to determine the combined toxicity mode of AgNP/Organophosphorus Insecticides and AgNP/Triazine Herbicides,which change from synergy to antagonism with the increase of exposure system concentration.At a low concentration of the mixed system,each component can promote the increase of intracellular ROS level,which is larger than that of the single system,and may exceed the threshold of ROS level that produces the maximum promoting effect,resulting in the reduction of the corresponding promoting effect,and the combined toxicity mode is synergistic.At high concentration,Ag+released by AgNP rapidly enters algal cells and interferes with transmembrane transport by inhibiting energy metabolism,which may reduce the amount of Triazine Herbicides and Organophosphorus Insecticides entering cells,and the combined toxicity mode is antagonistic.This study systematically clarifies the toxic effects of AgNP and a var

关 键 词：环境科学技术基础学科 纳米银 有机磷杀虫剂 三嗪类除草剂 斜生栅藻 Hormesis效应 活性氧簇 联合毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]