扩大财产权与强化公地治理:农村宅基地制度改革路径辨析  

Expanding Property Rights and Strengthening Public Land Governance:Analysis of the Reform Path of Rural Homestead System

作　　者：夏柱智 XIA Zhuzhi(School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《治理现代化研究》2023年第5期68-77,共10页Governance Modernization Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“城镇化进程的农村土地制度改革研究”(22FSHB025)。

摘　　要：宅基地制度是中国特色社会主义农村土地制度的重要构成部分,其基本特征是“公有私用”,为农民户有所居和农村社会稳定作出了贡献。全面推进乡村振兴背景下,如何进一步改革完善宅基地制度成为农村改革的重点任务。围绕宅基地制度改革目标,主要形成了扩大土地财产权和强化公地治理两类改革路径,两者的立论起点、内在逻辑及其实施条件有较大差异。在宅基地制度改革实践中,宅基地的市场化配置受到法律和政策的严格限制,这源于宅基地制度改革须坚守中央提出的宅基地“公有制性质”的底线与“不得以买卖宅基地为前提”的红线。从试点实践来看,宅基地制度改革的绩效主要表现在宅基地管理层面,建议结合全面推进乡村振兴要求,准确认识宅基地性质,客观评估前一阶段宅基地制度改革试点的成效,进一步完善宅基地制度,借此推动宅基地管理体系和管理能力现代化,实现宅基地有效管理。The homestead system is an important component of the socialist rural land system with Chinese characteristics,and its basic feature is“owned by public and used by privacy”,which has contributed to the housing of farmers and the stability of rural society.In the context of comprehensively promoting rural revitaliza⁃tion,how to further reform and improve the homestead system has become a key task of rural reform.Around the goal of reforming the homestead system,two types of reform paths have been formed:expanding land proper⁃ty rights and strengthening public land governance.There are significant differences in the starting point,inter⁃nal logic,and implementation conditions of the two.In the practice of the reform of the homestead system,the market-oriented allocation of homestead is strictly restricted by laws and policies.This stems from the fact that the reform of the homestead system must adhere to the bottom line of the“public ownership nature”of home⁃stead land proposed by the central government and the red line of“not buying or selling homestead land as a prerequisite”.From the pilot practice,the performance of the reform of the homestead system is mainly reflect⁃ed in the management of homestead.It is recommended to combine the requirements of comprehensively pro⁃moting rural revitalization,accurately understand the nature of homesteads,objectively evaluate the effective⁃ness of the previous stage of homestead system reform pilot,further improve the homestead system,and promote the modernization of homestead management system and management capabilities to achieve effective manage⁃ment of homesteads.

关 键 词：宅基地 土地财产权 公地治理 土地管理 宅基地制度改革 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]