平顶山烟区烤烟烘烤工艺现状及问题分析  

Current Situation and Problem Analysis of Flue-cured Tobacco Baking Technology in Pingdingshan Tobacco Area

作　　者：张富生 过伟民[2] 陈祖销 李俊营 杨楠[1] 阴广宇 ZHANG Fusheng;GUO Weimin;CHEN Zuxiao;LI Junying;YANG Nan;YIN Guangyu(Pingdingshan Tobacco Company of Henan Province,Pingdingshan,Henan 467000,China;Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司,河南平顶山467000 [2]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第S01期92-96,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司重点科技项目(2021410401240111);河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司科技项目(平烟〔2020〕55号);河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司创新项目(PYGL202208)。

摘　　要：为合理优化豫中烟区烟叶烘烤工艺,运用物联网技术采集2019—2021年烘烤过程的烤房温湿度数据4016套,分析烘烤各阶段的时间和温湿度管理指标,总结烘烤工艺执行的主要问题并提出下一步建议。结果表明:(1)烟叶烘烤总时长的中位数在184~200 h,烘烤过程的时间管理表现出总时间和变黄期时间长、定色期和干筋期时间短的“两长两短”特点;(2)烘烤变黄期、定色期和干筋期湿球温度的中位数分别在33~37℃、32~36℃、36~39℃,烘烤过程湿球温度表现为上升—下降—上升的“N”型变化规律;(3)烘烤工艺主要存在“各阶段时间分配不合理、变黄后期—定色期湿球温度偏低”问题,这与基层专业技术人员短缺、技术资源供需矛盾和种、烤不能紧密结合等原因有关。下一步,应加快推进烘烤工艺曲线规范化和“种采烤”一体化,探索烘烤模式数字化转型,提升烟叶烘烤技术落实到位率。In order to reasonably optimize the tobacco leaf baking process in the central Henan tobacco region,4016 sets of temperature and humidity data of the curing room during the curing process from 2019 to 2021 were collected using the Internet of Things technology,the time and temperature and humidity management indicators of each baking stage were analyzed,the main problems in the implementation of the baking process were summarized,and suggestions for the next step were put forward.The results showed that:(1)The median of the total curing time was 184-200 h.The time management of the curing process showed the characteristics of"two long and two short":long total time and yellowing period,short color fixing period and dry gluten period;(2)The median of wet bulb temperature in yellowing stage,color fixing stage and dry gluten stage were 33-37℃,32-36℃ and 36-39℃,respectively.The wet bulb temperature showed a‘N’pattern of increase decrease increase during baking;(3)The baking process mainly had the problem of unreasonable time allocation at each stage and low wet bulb temperature from the late yellowing to the color fixing period,which was related to the shortage of professional technicians at the grass-roots level,the contradiction between supply and demand of technical resources,the inability to closely combine seed and baking.In the next step,we should accelerate the standardization of baking process curve and the integration of‘seed collection and baking’,explore the digital transformation of baking mode and improve the implementation rate of tobacco leaf baking technology.

关 键 词：烤烟 烘烤工艺 大数据 变黄期 定色期 专业化烘烤 

分 类 号：TS441[农业科学—烟草工业]