西周王巡与王权运作  

Patrol Inspection and the Operation of Kingship in the Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：王坤鹏[1] WANG Kun-peng(School of Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学集刊》2023年第5期77-85,共9页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：吉林省教育厅科学研究项目“先秦出土资料所见北方边域的社会与文化”(JJKH20231118SK)。

摘　　要：西周王巡活动反映了早期王权运作的特点。周王常行至畿内大贵族的宫庙,对隶属于大族的小宗宗子或师氏等中下级贵族加以册命赏赐,在一定程度上打破了宗法势力,形成王与大小贵族权力相维的体制。周王频繁巡行于西周多座都邑之间并处理政务,弥补了早期交通条件及管理手段的不足,同时亦是对都邑内贵族势力的制衡。周王亦常巡至畿外,裁决涉及地方族邦的诉讼,召集邦君、诸侯举行宴饮、大射等活动,借此拓展王权的影响及考察诸侯是否忠顺等。春秋以后随着统治制度的完善,君主频繁巡行失去了必要性,巡游逐渐被视为君权任性的表现,开始受到某些道德原则或制度的约束,儒家所提倡的巡守之制正是针对早期王巡活动所做的制度规范。The patrol inspection by the king of the Western Zhou reflected the characteristics of the operation of the early imperial power.The bronze inscriptions show that the king often visited the ancestral temple of the big nobility,appointed and rewarded the little nobility attached to a larger clan there,which restricted the patriarchal forces to a certain extent,forming a system of power linked together between the king and the nobility.The Zhou Dynasty set up many capitals from Baoji(宝鸡)to Zhengzhou(郑州).The King traveled frequently between different capitals to deal with local political,economic and military affairs.The King met with the local princes and handled litigation cases during the inspection tour.The patrols strengthened the King's control over the local states and ethnic groups.

关 键 词：西周 王权 巡守 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K224[政治法律—中外政治制度]