人工智能对中国制造业创新的影响研究——来自工业机器人应用的证据  

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Innovation in Chinese Manufacturing:Evidence from the Adoption of Robots

作　　者：王磊[1] 肖倩 邓芳芳 WANG Lei;XIAO Qian;DENG Fangfang(School of Economics,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213159,China;China Institute of Regulation Research,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学经济学院,江苏常州213159 [2]浙江财经大学中国政府管制研究院,浙江杭州310018 [3]浙江水利水电学院经济与管理学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《财经论丛》2023年第9期14-24,共11页Collected Essays on Finance and Economics

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目(23NDJC213YB);浙江省软科学研究计划项目(2021C35036,2022C35006)。

摘　　要：本文基于人工智能应用引致的要素增益技术变迁效应、劳动力替代效应、知识溢出效应分析其对制造业创新的影响机理,通过匹配IFR的工业机器人与中国制造业专利申请的数据,实证分析人工智能对制造业创新的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,工业机器人的应用显著促进中国制造业创新,对资本密集型行业和高新技术行业创新影响的边际效应大于劳动密集型行业,对企业实质性创新的影响大于策略性创新。机制分析表明,工业机器人应用通过增加R&D人员全时当量、扩大对高技能和高学历人员的需求、提高R&D经费支出等方式促进制造业创新。上述研究结论为激发企业自主创新、实现科技自立自强的创新驱动发展战略提供可能的路径选择。This paper analyzes the mechanism of AI(artificial intelligence)affecting manufacturing innovation based on the factor-augmented technology change effect,labor substitution effect and knowledge spillover effect.It uses the density of industrial robots as a proxy variable of AI to carry out empirical analysis by matching the data of IFR industrial robot,China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook,and China Industrial Economic Statistical Yearbook.It is found that as the fastestgrowing county in the application of industrial robots in the world,the adoption of robots has significantly promoted innovation in Chinese manufacturing.The impact of robots on capital-intensive and high-tech industries is greater than that on labor-intensive industries,and the impact on substantive innovation of enterprises is greater than that on strategic innovation.Mechanism analysis shows that the adoption of robots promotes manufacturing innovation by increasing the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel,expanding the demand for highly educated talents such as masters and doctors,and increasing R&D investment.Under the background of digital economy and artificial intelligence,this paper provides possible paths for stimulating the independent innovation of enterprises and realizing the innovation-driven strategy of technological self-reliance and self-improvement.

关 键 词：人工智能 创新 工业机器人 中国制造业 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济]