基于等效故障注入试验的列车风源系统故障影响规律与分析  

Fault influence law and analysis of train air supply systems based on equivalent fault injection test

作　　者：丁景贤 左建勇 任利惠[2] Ding Jingxian;Zuo Jianyong;Ren Lihui(Postdoctoral Station of Mechanical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学机械工程流动站,上海201804 [2]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [3]同济大学上海市轨道交通结构耐久与系统安全重点实验室,上海201804

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2023年第5期44-52,共9页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62273258);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(N2022J019);上海市多网多模式轨道交通协同创新中心项目资助。

摘　　要：为获取列车风源系统故障诊断所需特征参量及故障影响规律,针对部分故障模式不可注入或注入具有破坏性等问题,阐述了风源系统的构成原理和故障模式,提出了等效故障模型设计方法及等效故障注入流程,基于等效故障注入试验研究了5种典型故障模式在不同故障程度下的影响规律并分析了故障原因。研究结果表明:等效故障注入试验可以在不对风源系统造成破坏的情况下再现供气不足、油温高以及压缩机不加载3类典型故障现象,且不同故障模式的影响规律和特征参量不同。进气过滤器严重堵塞时总风压力不足740 kPa,造成供气不足现象;温控阀严重卡滞时最高喷油温度和机头排气温度分别较正常值增加了约20℃和17℃,冷却油流量最大减小了约14 L/min;冷却器积灰引起冷却效果下降,环境温度分别为20℃、35℃和50℃时,最大下降约3℃;油严重泄漏时喷油流量高出正常值约19 L/min,机头排气温度最高可达105℃,造成油温高现象;卸荷电磁阀卡滞造成开度为25%~100%时总风压力只有690 kPa,造成供气不足现象,开度为0时空压机第一次正常工作并停机后无法重新启动,造成压缩机不加载现象。研究结果为基于温度、压力等多传感器数据的故障诊断算法设计以及智能风源系统传感器布局提供了参考。To obtain characteristic parameters and fault influence law required for fault diagnosis of the train air supply system,and address the problems that some fault modes cannot be injected or the injection is destructive,the structure composition,working principle and fault modes are explained.The equivalent fault model design method and the equivalent fault injection process are proposed.Based on the equivalent fault injection test,the influence laws of five typical fault modes at different failure levels were studied and the causes of the faults are analyzed.The research results show that the equivalent fault injection test could reproduce the three typical fault phenomena of insufficient air supply,high oil temperature and compressor not loading without causing damage to the air supply system.The influence laws and characteristic parameters of different fault modes are different.When the air intake filter is severely blocked,the total air pressure is less than 740 kPa,resulting in insufficient air supply.When the temperature control valve is severely stuck,the maximum fuel injection temperature and the compressor head exhaust temperature are increased by about 20℃and 17℃compared with the normal values,and the maximum cooling oil flow is decreased by about 14 L/min.The cooling effect is reduced due to the accumulation of dust in the cooler,and the maximum drop is about 3℃when the ambient temperature values are 20℃,35℃,and 50℃,respectively.When the oil is seriously leaking,the fuel injection flow is about 19 L/min higher than the normal value,and the compressor head exhaust temperature could reach up to 105℃,resulting in high oil temperature.When the opening degree of the unloading solenoid valve is from 25%~100%,the total air pressure is only 690 kPa,resulting in insufficient air supply.When the opening degree is 0,the air compressor could not restart after the first normal operation and shutdown,causing the compressor not loading.The research results provide a reference for the design of fault diagn

关 键 词：列车 风源系统 等效故障注入试验 故障模式 特征参量 传感器布局 

分 类 号：U270.7[机械工程—车辆工程] TH-39[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]